Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics (absolute number of patients, percentages, descriptive statistics as reported in BIKER; comparison between the three cohorts weighted by an inverse probability of treatment)
| Etanercept cohort | Adalimumab cohort | Tocilizumab cohort | Etanercept versus adalimumaba | Tocilizumab versus etanercepta | Tocilizumab versus adalimumaba | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 419 | n = 236 | n = 74 | OR (95% CI); p value | OR (95% CI); p value | OR (95% CI); p value | |
| Female, n (%) | 332 (79.2%) | 192 (81.4%) | 51 (68.8%) | 0.96 (0.57; 1.62); 0.88 | 0.63 (0.45; 0.89); 0.03 | 0.58 (0.48; 0.98); 0.04 |
| Age at baseline, years, mean ± SD | 10.5 ± 4.4 | 11.8 ± 4.0 | 12.9 ± 3.6 | 0.63 (−0.31; 1.57); 0.19 | 1.65 (−0.67; 3.96); 0.16 | 1.02 (−1.31; 3.34); 0.39 |
| Median (IQR) | 11.1 (7.1–13.9) | 12.7 (8.7– 15.0) | 13.5 (11.2– 15.9) | |||
| Disease duration at treatment start, mean ± SD | 3.6 ± 3.3 | 5.8 ± 4.0 | 6.1 ± 3.5 | 0.40 (−0.17; 0.98); 0.17 | 1.13 (−0.05; 2.02); 0.07 | 0.73 (−0.21; 1.66); 0.13 |
| Median (IQR) | 2.6 (1.1–5.1) | 4.9 (2.4–8.4) | 5.8 (2.9–8.8) | |||
| JIA category n (%) | ||||||
| RF+ PA | 37 (8.8%) | 23 (9.7%) | 9 (12.2%) | 1.45 (0.74; 2.83); 0.28 | 0.95 (0.60; 1.49); 0.81 | 2.18 (0.48; 9.85); 0.31 |
| RF- PA | 224 (53.5%) | 128 (54.2%) | 47 (63.5%) | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) |
| ExOA | 158 (37.7%) | 85 (36.0%) | 18 (24.3%) | 3.17 (0.74; 13.60); 0.12 | 0.71 (0.22; 2.27); 0.57 | 0.75 (0.24; 2.41); 0.63 |
| First biologic used | 400 (95.5%) | 110 (46.6%) | 14 (18.9%) | 0.54 (0.28; 1.03); 0.06 | 0.44 (0.16; 1.18); 0.10 | 0.81 (0.34; 1.96); 0.65 |
| Co-med corticosteroids, n (%) | 134 (32.0) | 60 (25.4) | 26 (35.1) | 1.38 (0.96; 1.97) | 1.15 (0.69; 1.94) | 1.59 (091; 2.78) |
| Co-med MTX, n (%) | 302 (72.1) | 127 (53.8) | 34 (45.9) | 1.20 (0.76; 1.88); 0.44 | 0.76 (0.28; 2.06); 0.59 | 0.64 (0.24; 1.70); 0.37 |
| JADAS10 (0–40), mean ± SD | 13.8 ± 7.1 | 12.1 ± 7.6 | 15.1 ± 7.4 | −0.41 (−2.30; 1.48); 0.67 | −0.53 (−4.22; 3.17); 0.78 | −0.12 (−3.84; 3.60); 0.95 |
| Median (IQR) | 13.6 (8.8–19.0) | 11.7 (6.1–17.5) | 14.8 (9.2–20.1) | |||
| CHAQ-DI (0–3), mean ± SD | 0.59 ± 0.60 | 0.43 ± 0.58 | 0.63 ± 0.55 | −0.04 (−0.19; 0.12); 0.64 | −0.10 (−0.30; 0.11); 0.35 | −0.06 (−0.29; 0.17); 0.60 |
| Median (IQR) | 0.38 (0.13–0.88) | 0.13 (0–0.623) | 0.63 (0.19-1.0) | |||
| Uveitis before start of biologic | 23 (5.5%) | 59 (25%) | 0 | 3.41 (3.21; 4.45); 0.03 | - | - |
aAnalyses weighted by an inverse probability of treatment estimated by a generalized propensity score. beta regression coefficient for continuous variables, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio for categorical variable, (ref) reference group, JIA juvenile idiopathic arthritis, RF rheumatoid factor, PA, polyarthritis, ExOA extended oligoarthritis, JADAS Juvenile Disease Activity Score, CHAQ-DI Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index