Table 2.
Hazard ratios of all cause mortality according to BMI in Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1980-2012) and Health Professions’ Follow-up Study (HPFS, 1986-2012)
| BMI | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <18.5 | 18.5-22.4 | 22.5-24.9 | 25.0-27.4 | 27.5-29.9 | 30.0-34.9 | 35.0-39.9 | ≥40 | ||
| NHS, 1980-2012 | |||||||||
| Person years | 32 722 | 653 018 | 572 034 | 416 990 | 213 264 | 217 770 | 67 570 | 25594 | |
| No of deaths | 528 | 4789 | 4246 | 3450 | 1909 | 2103 | 816 | 387 | |
| Crude IR (/105PY) | 1614 | 733 | 742 | 827 | 895 | 966 | 1208 | 1512 | |
| Age adjusted HR (95% CI) | 2.22 (2.03 to 2.43) | 1.13 (1.08 to 1.17) | 1.0 | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.11) | 1.14 (1.08 to 1.21) | 1.32 (1.25 to 1.39) | 1.86 (1.73 to 2.01) | 2.52 (2.27 to 2.79) | |
| Adjusted model 1* | 2.11 (1.93 to 2.31) | 1.13 (1.08 to 1.17) | 1.0 | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.09) | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.16) | 1.23 (1.17 to 1.30) | 1.71 (1.58 to 1.84) | 2.21 (1.99 to 2.46) | |
| Adjusted model 2† | 1.92 (1.75 to 2.10) | 1.13 (1.08 to 1.18) | 1.0 | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.06) | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.10) | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.21) | 1.54 (1.43 to 1.66) | 1.94 (1.74 to 2.15) | |
| HPFS, 1986-2012 | |||||||||
| Person years | 2781 | 113 480 | 282 946 | 290 160 | 125 288 | 67 988 | 9756 | 2843 | |
| No of deaths | 87 | 1594 | 3457 | 3689 | 1700 | 1021 | 172 | 65 | |
| Crude IR (/105PY) | 3128 | 1405 | 1222 | 1271 | 1357 | 1502 | 1763 | 2287 | |
| Age adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.69 (1.36 to 2.09) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.13) | 1.0 | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.11) | 1.26 (1.18 to 1.33) | 1.52 (1.42 to 1.63) | 2.12 (1.82 to 2.47) | 2.77 (2.17 to 3.54) | |
| Adjusted model 1* | 1.56 (1.26 to 1.93) | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.13) | 1.0 | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.08) | 1.22 (1.15 to 1.30) | 1.45 (1.35 to 1.55) | 2.00 (1.72 to 2.34) | 2.10 (1.64 to 2.69) | |
| Adjusted model 2† | 1.50 (1.21 to 1.86) | 1.08 (1.02 to 1.15) | 1.0 | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.03) | 1.10 (1.04 to 1.16) | 1.22 (1.14 to 1.31) | 1.61 (1.38 to 1.87) | 1.71 (1.34 to 2.20) | |
| Pooled results | |||||||||
| Person years | 35 503 | 766 498 | 854 980 | 707 150 | 338 552 | 285 758 | 77 326 | 28437 | |
| No of deaths | 615 | 6383 | 7703 | 7139 | 3609 | 3124 | 988 | 452 | |
| Crude IR (/105PY) | 1732 | 833 | 901 | 1010 | 1066 | 1093 | 1278 | 1589 | |
| Age adjusted HR (95% CI) | 2.13 (1.96 to 2.32) | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.15) | 1.0 | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.09) | 1.19 (1.15 to 1.24) | 1.38 (1.32 to 1.44) | 1.91 (1.79 to 2.04) | 2.56 (2.33 to 2.82) | |
| Adjusted model 1* | 2.03 (1.87 to 2.20) | 1.11 (1.08 to 1.15) | 1.0 | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.07) | 1.15 (1.10 to 1.20) | 1.30 (1.24 to 1.35) | 1.76 (1.65 to 1.88) | 2.21 (2.01 to 2.43) | |
| Adjusted model 2† | 1.85 (1.70 to 2.01) | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.16) | 1.0 | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.03) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.11) | 1.17 (1.12 to 1.22) | 1.55 (1.45 to 1.66) | 1.92 (1.74 to 2.11) | |
| Pooled results among participants who had never smoked | |||||||||
| Person years | 13 197 | 331 522 | 379 886 | 308 851 | 150 023 | 130 215 | 37 762 | 13190 | |
| No of deaths | 136 | 1779 | 2481 | 2281 | 1195 | 1140 | 411 | 180 | |
| Crude IR (/105PY) | 1031 | 537 | 653 | 739 | 797 | 875 | 1088 | 1365 | |
| Age adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.63 (1.37 to 1.94) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) | 1.0 | 1.09 (1.03 to 1.15) | 1.26 (1.17 to 1.35) | 1.54 (1.43 to 1.65) | 2.27 (2.04 to 2.52) | 2.96 (2.54 to 3.45) | |
| Adjusted model 1* | 1.54 (1.29 to 1.83) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) | 1.0 | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.12) | 1.19 (1.11 to 1.28) | 1.44 (1.34 to 1.55) | 2.08 (1.87 to 2.31) | 2.65 (2.27 to 3.09) | |
| Adjusted model 2† | 1.53 (1.29 to 1.82) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.06) | 1.0 | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.17) | 1.27 (1.19 to 1.37) | 1.78 (1.60 to 1.98) | 2.26 (1.94 to 2.64) | |
PY=person year; IR=incident rate.
*Adjusted for age; race; current multivitamin use, and current aspirin use; family history of diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, or cancer; and, for women, menopausal status and hormone use.
†Further adjusted for smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, current smoker (1-14, 15-24, ≥25 cigarettes/day), exercise (0, 0.01-1.0, 1.0-3.5, 3.5-6.0, ≥6 hours/week), fifth of alternate healthy eating index and alcohol drinking (0, 0.1-4.9, 5.0-14.9, 15.0-19.9, 20.0-29.9, ≥30 g/day).