Table 2.
Characteristics after one year by treatment group
| Placebo | Metformin | Lifestyle | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.16 (−0.26, −0.05) | −0.97 (−1.07, −0.87) | −2.42 (−2.57, −2.27) | <0.001*†‡ |
| Log 1/FI (pmol/L) | −0.03 (−0.06, 0.01) | 0.16 (0.13, 0.19) | 0.25 (0.21, 0.28) | <0.001* † ‡ |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0 00(−0.01, 0.01) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | <0.001* † |
| Large HDL-P (µmol/L) | 0.22 (0.09, 0.34) | 0.54 (0.42, 0.67) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.12) | <0.001* † ‡ |
| Medium HDL-P (µmol/L) | 0.26 (−0.15, 0.67) | −0.55 (−0.98, −0.11) | 0.65 (0.19, 1.11) | 0.0005*‡ |
| Small HDL-P (µmol/L) | 0.19 (−0.20, 0.58) | 1.04 (0.62, 1.46) | −1.35 (−1.79, −0.90) | <0.001* † ‡ |
| Total HDL-P (µmol/L) | 0.67 (0.31, 1.02) | 1.03 (0.67, 1.40) | 0.28 (−0.12, 0.67) | 0.019‡ |
| HDL size (nm) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.04) | 0.05 (0.03–0.08) | 0.13 (0.18, 0.34) | <0.001† ‡ |
| Log CRP (mg/L) | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.02) | −0.14 (−0.19, −0.10) | −0.39 (−0.44, −0.35) | <0.001* † ‡ |
| sICAM (ng/ml) | −4.67 (−7.40, −1.93) | −14.84 (−17.88, −11.80) | −19.87 (−22.75, −16.99) | <0.001* † ‡ |
| MAQ physical activity (met-hr/wk) | 1.1 [−0.8, 3.0] | 1.4 [−0.5, 3.3] | 7.3 [5.8, 8.7} | <0.001† ‡ |
| % Statin use | 9.2% | 7.8% | 5.8% | 0.01† |
| % Lipid lowering meds | 10% | 8.6% | 6.5% | 0.02† |
| Waist (cm) | ||||
| Men | −0.55 (−1.05, −0.04) | −2.15 (−2.65, −1.65) | −7.63 (−8.37, −6.89) | <0.001* † ‡ |
| Women | −0.78 (−3.75, 2.60) | −2.24 (−5.55, 1.07) | −5.77 (−9.75, −1.40) | <0.001* † ‡ |
| Log Triglyceride (mmol/L) | ||||
| Men | −0.06 (−0.10, −0.02) | −0.04 (−0.08, 0) | −0.23 (−0.28, −0.19) | <0.001† ‡ |
| Women | −0.07 (−0.10,−0.04) | −0.05 (−0.08, −0.02) | −0.13 (−0.16, −0.11) | <0.001† ‡ |
| Adiponectin (ng/ml) $ | ||||
| Men | 0.15 (0.02, 0.28) | 0.12 (−0.02, 0.25) | 1.06 (0.85, 1.27) | <0.001† ‡ |
| Women | 0.08 (−0.02, 0.18) | 0.29 (0.16, 0.41) | 0.71 (0.58, 0.84) | <0.001† ‡ |
| tPA (ng/ml) $ | ||||
| Men | −0.86 (−1.20, −0.53) | −2.40 (−2.78, −2.03) | −3.26 (−3.69, −2.84) | <0.001* † ‡ |
| Women | −0.68 (−0.93, −0.44) | −1.89 (−2.13, −1.66) | −2.18 (−2.43, −1.93) | <0.001† ‡ |
| sE selectin (ng/ml) $ | ||||
| Men | 1.41 (0.07, 2.76) | 0.27 (−0.88, 1.41) | −5.64 (−7.03, −4.25) | <0.001† ‡ |
| Women | −0.88 (−1.82, 0.05) | −0.50 (−1.32, 0.32) | −4.10 (−4.79, −3.42) | <0.001† ‡ |
| Dietary saturated fat (g) $ | ||||
| Men | −5.02 (−6.79, −3.25) | −3.61 (−4.82, −2.40) | −12.57 (−14.30, −10.84) | <0.001† ‡ |
| Women | −4.17 (−5.31, −3.03) | −5.62 (−6.65, −4.58) | −11.01 (−12.09, −9.93) | <0.001† ‡ |
| HbA1c $ | ||||
| Men | 0.11 (0.07, 0.15) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) | −0.14 (−0.17, −0.10) | <0.001* † ‡ |
| Women | 0.08 (0.05, 0.11) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | −0.07 (−0.09, −0.05) | <0.001* † ‡ |
*
Data are presented as mean change (95%CI) or percent.
$
p<0.05 for interaction of treatment group×sex;
*
p<0.05 for Placebo vs Metformin;
†
p<0.05 for Placebo vs Lifestyle;
‡
p<0.05 for Metformin vs Lifestyle.