Table 3.

Characteristics of patients receiving vasopressin alone or in combination with other vasopressor agents

	Any Vasopressin (n = 100,923) (17.3%)	No Vasopressin (n = 483,498) (82.7%)	P Value
Patient characteristics
Age, yr	66 (56–77)	69 (58–79)	<0.001
Male	54.9	51.4	<0.001
Race			<0.001
White	64.0	68.0
African American	13.9	13.1
Other	22.0	18.9
Primary insurance provider			<0.001
Private	19.0	15.4
Medicare	62.1	68.2
Medicaid	11.2	9.8
Other/unknown	7.7	6.6
No. of comorbidities*	5 (3–6)	5 (3–6)	<0.001
Major surgical admission†	18.6	18.7	<0.001
Hospital care
Specialty of admitting physician			<0.001
Pulmonary/critical care medicine	15.2	8.1
Surgery	20.1	15.4
Cardiology	3.8	4.3
Internal medicine	60.8	72.2
Other	0.1	0.1
ICU admission	92.2	82.9	<0.001
Acute organ dysfunction
Cardiovascular	77.7	58.0	<0.001
Pulmonary	75.6	47.5	<0.001
Neurologic	23.4	19.4	<0.001
Hematologic	33.9	22.2	<0.001
Renal	67.2	54.0	<0.001
Hepatic	13.2	4.3	<0.001
Mechanical ventilation	83.7	54.6	<0.001
Renal replacement therapy	24.3	13.1	<0.001
Other vasopressors
Norepinephrine	80.2	52.6	<0.001
Phenylephrine	46.2	39.3	<0.001
Dopamine	33.4	31.8	<0.001
Epinephrine	31.3	16.6	<0.001
Outcomes
In-hospital mortality	55.7	23.9	<0.001
First ICU length of stay, d	5 (2–11)	4 (2–9)	<0.001
Survivors	17 (10–28)	11 (7–19)	<0.001
Nonsurvivors	4 (2–9)	3 (1–8)	<0.001
Hospital length of stay, d	11 (4–21)	11 (6–18)	0.002
Survivors	11 (10–28)	11 (7–19)	<0.001
Nonsurvivors	6 (2–14)	7 (3–15)	<0.001
Discharge location of hospital survivors (n = 412,839)			<0.001
Home (with or without services)	34.4	41.7
LTACH or SNF	49.1	44.4
Same or other acute care hospital	7.0	5.8
Hospice care	8.8	7.3

Definition of abbreviations: ICU = intensive care unit; IQR = interquartile range; LTACH = long-term acute care hospital; SNF = skilled nursing facility.

Data presented as percentage or median (IQR).

^*As defined by Elixhauser and colleagues (23).

^†As defined by Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (25).