Fig. 4. The effect of enforced expression of IGF-1 on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of VSMCs. Twenty-four hours after cells were co-transfected with miR-379 mimics and pcDNA3.1-IGF-1 or their respective controls, (A) cell proliferation of VSMCs was measured by CKK-8 assay; (B) cell invasion of VSMCs was measured by cell invasion assay; and (C) cell migration of VSMCs was measured by wound healing assay. Data represent the mean values of three independent replicates±SEM; significant differences relative to control group are shown as ^*p<0.05, ^**p<0.01. IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells; SEM, standard error of the mean.