Table 3.
Evidence from literature for salivary biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
| Year | Reference | Authors | Biomarker studied | Study findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 9 | Mizukawa et al. | Defensin-1 | Higher concentrations of defensin-1 were found in OSCC patients compared to healthy controls |
| 1999 | 10 | Nagler et al. | Intermediate filament protein (Cyfra 21-1), TPS | These proteins have been detected in saliva of OSCC patients |
| 2007 | 11 | Franzmann et al. | CD44 | Increased CD44 levels in saliva (oral rinse) of OSCC patients (n = 102) compared to controls (n = 69) |
| 2004 | 12 | St John et al. | IL-8, IL-1b | Increased concentration of IL-8, IL-1b in OSCC patients |
| 2008 | 13 | Boyle et al. | P53 | p53 mutations were identified in 71% of saliva samples of OSCC patients |
| 2012 | 14 | Liu et al. | OAZ-1, SAT, IL-1b, IL-8 | Increased levels in whole unstimulated saliva in OSCC patients (n = 32) compared to controls (n = 32) |
| 2013 | 15 | Khor et al. | DUSP1 | Significantly elevated in OSCC patients |
| 2012 | 14 | Liu et al. | miR-125a, miR-200a, miR-31 | miR-125a, miR-200a levels are significantly reduced in patients with OSCC. miR-31 levels are increased in patients with OSCC compared to controls |
| 2011 | 16 | Lajer et al. | miR-31 | miR-31 was considered to be a potential biomarker to detect OSCC following microarray analysis of 51 sites from representative areas |
| 1993 | 17 | Kurakowa et al. | IAP | Increased in patients with SCC |
| 1997 | 18 | Kurakowa et al. | CA-125 | Increased concentrations detected in OSCC patients |
| 1998 | 19 | Krimmel et al. | SCC-Ag, CEA, CA 19.9, CA128 | All biomarkers were found to be elevated in patients with OSCC |
| 2008 | 20 | Hu et al. | M2BP (tumor antigen), MRP 14, CD 59, Profilm 1, catalase | Increased in whole unstimulated saliva of OSCC patients (n = 64) compared to healthy controls (n = 64). This combination of proteins provided high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (83%) in detection of OSCC |
OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma; TPS, tissue polypeptide specific antigen; IL, interleukin; OAZ-1, ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1; SAT, spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase; DUSP 1, dual specificity phosphatase 1; miR, microRNA; IAP, inhibitor of apoptosis; CA, carcino antigen; SCC-Ag, squamous cell carcinoma antigen; CEA, carcino embryonic antigen.