Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Group | Control (n = 35) | Donor (n = 35) | CKD stage 3 (n = 22) | CKD stage 4 (n = 18) | CKD stage 5 (HD) (n = 20) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 43.6 ± 13.1 | 56.5 ± 9.4 | 62.7 ± 16.7 | 61.7 ± 17.1 | 70.9 ± 16.6 | <0.001 |
| Sex – male/female, n | 16/19 | 21/14 | 15/7 | 11/7 | 12/8 | 0.102 |
| NGAL, ng/ml | 97.6 ± 18.3 | 110.6 ± 31.7 | 209.2 ± 67.5 | 459.5 ± 111.3 | 1,012.6 ± 374.1 | <0.001 |
| log NGAL, ng/ml | 1.89 ± 0.10 | 2.02 ± 0.10 | 2.3 ± 0.15 | 2.65 ± 0.12 | 2.98 ± 0.17 | <0.001 |
| FGF23, pg/ml | 51.8 (25.9–90) | 62.6 (6.6–112) | 97.5 (44–308) | 337.0 (139–11,000) | 806.0 (121–16,100) | <0.001 |
| sKlotho, pg/ml | 725.4 (458–1,222) | 669.3 (409–1,161) | 597.8 (449–979) | 460.8 (288–790) | 377.6 (223–784) | <0.001 |
| 25(OH) vitamin D, nmol/l | 58.67 ± 25.2 | 76.4 ± 17.0 | 44.01 ± 19.4 | 53.55 ± 22.5 | 59.65 ± 29.5 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 99.0 ± 13.1 | 75.8 ± 12.3 | 43.7 ± 9.8 | 19.1 ± 5.8 | 7.3 ± 2.6 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, µmol/l | 73.1 ± 12.6 | 90.3 ± 16.3 | 141.0 ± 28.1 | 280.1 ± 84.2 | 621.2 ± 203.6 | <0.001 |
| Albumin-corrected calcium, µmol/l | 2.4 ± 0.07 | 2.41 ± 0.06 | 2.46± 0.13 | 2.45 ± 0.13 | 2.5 ± 0.18 | 0.006 |
| iPTH, pmol/l | 5.82 ± 2.47 | 7.1 ± 2.29 | 13.63 ± 13.19 | 32.73 ± 24.34 | 47.43 ± 46.86 | <0.001 |
| Phosphate, mmol/l | 1.12 ± 0.17 | 1.06 ± 0.19 | 1.11± 0.16 | 1.35 ± 0.27 | 1.46 ± 0.49 | <0.001 |
| Urine phosphate, mmol/l | 16.4 (2.4–49.9) | 25.8 (2.6–50.7) | 17.2 (4.1–31.8) | 13.7 (6.5–27.8) | nn | 0.001 |
| Urine calcium, mmol/l | 2.84 ± 2.06 | 1.96 ± 1.09 | 1.53 ± 1.11 | 0.77 ± 0.12 | nn | <0.001 |
| Urine albumin/creatinine, mg/mmol | 0.61 (0.18–30.8) | 2.3 (0.1–19.9) | 21.5 (2.0–2,000.0) | 198 (3.3–1,753.0) | nn | <0.001 |
| FePO4 | 12.0 (4.0–22.9) | 22.7 (3.1–41.9) | 30.5 (19.9–56.9) | 47.9 (31.6–69.1) | nn | <0.001 |
| FeCa3 | 0.84 (0.20–2.5) | 0.78 (0.16–1.73) | 0.79 (0.35–3.03) | 1.13 (0.43–3.15) | nn | 0.025 |
Laboratory results are given as means ± SD of normally distributed data, and as medians (ranges) of non-normally distributed data. p values display differences between groups, using one-way ANOVA for numeric values and the x2 test for the categorical value ‘sex’. Urine values in CKD stage 5 are marked as ‘nn’, because the included patients were on HD and had very limited urine production, which is why no urine samples were obtained. HD = Hemodialysis.