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. 2016 Nov 24;7:13533. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13533

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a–c) Quasi-static domain wall (DW) velocity v_END (red squares) measured as a function of pulse length for three different pulse amplitudes: (a) 16 V (J∼0.5 × 10⁸ A cm⁻²) (b) 20 V (J∼0.6 × 10⁸ A cm⁻²) and (c) 25 V (J∼0.8 × 10⁸ A cm⁻²). All results are from film set B, wire width is ∼5 μm and the W layer thickness d is ∼3 nm. The black circles show calculated v_END using micromagnetic simulations with two dimensional pinning. The average velocity is obtained from 5 different randomly generated grain patterns. (d–f) Average distance DWs travel after the current pulse is turned off (d_OFF) calculated using micromagnetic simulations. The error bars indicate distribution due to different grain patterns used in the simulations.