Table 4.
Differences in subscale scores and overall score by different groups
| Own Capacityc | Professional Support (CEQ-E)a | Professional Support (Original)b | Perceived Safety (CEQ-E) a | Perceived Safety (Original)b | Participationc | Mean CEQ-E Scorea | Mean CEQ Scoreb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour duration ≤12 h, n = 166 | 2.86 (0.56) | 3.60 (0.52) | 3.59 (0.55) | 3.04 (0.67) | 3.14 (0.59) | 2.96 (0.83) | 3.12 (0.49) | 3.14 (0.48) |
| Labour duration >12 h, n = 59 | 2.58 (0.55) | 3.61 (0.47) | 3.61 (0.50) | 2.84 (0.67) | 2.97 (0.58) | 2.69 (0.81) | 2.93 (0.44) | 2.97 (0.43) |
| p value | 0.002 | 0.906 | 0.939 | 0.035 | 0.044 | 0.021 | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Cohen’s effect size | 0.50 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.41 | 0.37 |
| Spontaneous onset of labour n = 175 | 2.82 (0.57) | 3.62 (0.51) | 3.60 (0.53) | 3.04 (0.66) | 3.15 (0.59) | 2.95 (0.82) | 3.11 (0.48) | 3.14 (0.48) |
| Induced labour n = 51 | 2.66 (0.56) | 3.58 (0.52) | 3.58 (0.56) | 2.80 (0.68) | 2.93 (0.57) | 2.69 (0.83) | 2.93 (0.45) | 2.96 (0.44) |
| p value | 0.086 | 0.54 | 0.79 | 0.020 | 0.015 | 0.065 | 0.012 | 0.017 |
| Cohen’s effect size | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.39 |
| Spontaneous vaginal birth n = 182 | 2.82 (0.57) | 3.61 (0.53) | 3.60 (0.55) | 3.04 (0.66) | 3.14 (0.59) | 2.92 (0.82) | 3.10 (0.48) | 3.13 (0.47) |
| Instrumental delivery n = 43 | 2.65 (0.57) | 3.60 (0.45) | 3.56 (0.50) | 2.77 (0.68) | 2.94 (0.59) | 2.71 (0.84) | 2.93 (0.48) | 2.97 (0.47) |
| p value | 0.081 | 0.60 | 0.37 | 0.020 | 0.049 | 0.192 | 0.031 | 0.035 |
| Cohen’s effect size | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.40 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.34 |
| Primiparous, n = 118 | 2.69 (0.55) | 3.60 (0.51) | 3.58 (0.54) | 2.91 (0.63) | 3.04 (0.54) | 2.77 (0.85) | 2.99 (0.45) | 3.02 (0.44) |
| Multiparous, n = 108 | 2.89 (0.57) | 3.62 (0.52) | 3.61 (0.54) | 3.06 (0.71) | 3.17 (0.63) | 3.02 (0.79) | 3.16 (0.50) | 3.18 (0.49) |
| p value | 0.007 | 0.43 | 0.503 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.035 | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Cohen’s effect size | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.36 | 0.34 |
Data presented as mean (SD). Total score for the CEQ is the mean score of the 4 subscales. Numbers given to 2 significant figures
aThe original conceptual structure changing the location of item 18, from the “perceived safety” to “professional support” domain (Model 3) was used to calculate the mean scores
bConceptual structure of the original study (Model 2) was used to calculate the mean scores
cThe items included in these subscales are the same for conceptual structure of the original study and CEQ-E