Table 7.
Factors Affecting the Decision to Drink and Drive
| VARIABLES | Traditional |
Non-Traditional |
Both |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Means | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| A. Traditional Framework | |||||||
| Marginal Utility of a Drink | |||||||
| Drinking benefit index | 24.574 | 1.039** (1.026 – 1.052) |
1.031** (1.018 – 1.044) |
1.023** (1.009 – 1.036) |
1.016* (1.002 – 1.030) |
||
| Importance of drinking for social life | 0.241 | 2.176** (1.633 – 2.898) |
2.223** (1.654 – 2.989) |
1.559** (1.148 – 2.118) |
1.584** (1.153 – 2.178) |
||
| Drinking and Driving Cost | |||||||
| Percent chance a person is pulled over after having too much to drink |
9.856 | 0.989* (0.979 – 1.000) |
0.990 (0.979 – 1.001) |
0.991 (0.980 – 1.002) |
0.992 (0.981 – 1.003) |
||
| Jailtime served for DWI in days | 50.367 | 0.998* (0.997 – 1.000) |
0.999* (0.997 – 1.000) |
0.998* (0.997 – 1.000) |
0.998* (0.997 – 1.000) |
||
| Arrest for drunk driving would almost ruin life | 0.176 | 0.723 (0.511 – 1.022) |
0.801 (0.559 – 1.148) |
0.687* (0.482 – 0.979) |
0.778 (0.538 – 1.125) |
||
| Willingness-to-pay ($/month) | 36.883 | 0.995* (0.991 – 0.999) |
0.996 (0.992 – 1.000) |
0.996* (0.992 – 1.000) |
0.997 (0.993 – 1.001) |
||
| Altruism index | 23.009 | 0.924** (0.881 – 0.969) |
0.934** (0.889 – 0.981) |
0.949* (0.903 – 0.996) |
0.956 (0.909 – 1.006) |
||
| Risk Preference | |||||||
| Medium risk tolerant | 0.594 | 1.231 (0.930 – 1.629) |
1.227 (0.913 – 1.649) |
1.295 (0.967 – 1.736) |
1.288 (0.951 – 1.744) |
||
| Most risk tolerant | 0.044 | 1.347 (0.736 – 2.466) |
1.150 (0.609 – 2.171) |
1.384 (0.747 – 2.564) |
1.125 (0.585 – 2.162) |
||
| Time Preference | |||||||
| Financial planning horizon | 4.265 | 0.990 (0.956 – 1.026) |
1.003 (0.966 – 1.041) |
1.002 (0.966 – 1.040) |
1.011 (0.972 – 1.051) |
||
| Short-term orientation: financial | 1.788 | 1.068 (0.974 – 1.171) |
1.086 (0.987 – 1.196) |
1.032 (0.939 – 1.135) |
1.057 (0.957 – 1.166) |
||
| Short-term orientation: health | 32.665 | 1.000 (0.997 – 1.003) |
1.000 (0.997 – 1.003) |
1.000 (0.997 – 1.003) |
1.000 (0.997 – 1.004) |
||
| Binary: less than 20 days health | 0.104 | 0.599* (0.386 – 0.928) |
0.570* (0.363 – 0.895) |
0.624* (0.400 – 0.973) |
0.584* (0.369 – 0.924) |
||
| B. Non-Traditional Framework | |||||||
| Knowledge of DWI Laws | |||||||
| Ignorance of DWI law | 1.025 | 0.860* (0.760 – 0.974) |
0.904 (0.794 – 1.029) |
0.838* (0.729 – 0.962) |
0.886 (0.767 – 1.023) |
||
| Low Cognitive Ability | |||||||
| Self-evaluated memory | 3.610 | 0.918 (0.801 – 1.053) |
0.846* (0.732 – 0.977) |
0.911 (0.791 – 1.050) |
0.865 (0.746 – 1.004) |
||
| Numeracy | 2.465 | 1.095 (0.914 – 1.313) |
1.056 (0.869 – 1.282) |
0.994 (0.817 – 1.209) |
1.001 (0.815 – 1.229) |
||
| Mental status | 12.015 | 1.026 (0.923 – 1.140) |
1.029 (0.919 – 1.152) |
1.018 (0.909 – 1.141) |
1.037 (0.920 – 1.170) |
||
| Addiction | |||||||
| CAGE | 1.184 | 1.149* (1.032 – 1.280) |
1.103 (0.987 – 1.234) |
1.124* (1.005 – 1.257) |
1.081 (0.963 – 1.213) |
||
| Hard drug user | 0.135 | 1.897** (1.360 – 2.646) |
1.718** (1.212 – 2.435) |
1.602** (1.124 – 2.283) |
1.578* (1.092 – 2.281) |
||
| Lack of Self-Control | |||||||
| Difficulty of limiting drinking | 1.513 | 2.100** (1.749 – 2.522) |
1.933** (1.599 – 2.337) |
1.671** (1.361 – 2.051) |
1.671** (1.351 – 2.067) |
||
| Role of Emotions | |||||||
| Impulsivity index | 26.247 | 1.021* (1.000 – 1.042) |
1.028* (1.006 – 1.051) |
1.017 (0.995 – 1.039) |
1.024* (1.000 – 1.047) |
||
| C. Demographic, Health, and Income | |||||||
| Edu. attainment (yrs.) | 15.634 | 0.889** (0.827 – 0.956) |
0.922* (0.858 – 0.992) |
0.904** (0.838 – 0.975) |
|||
| Married | 0.467 | 0.615** (0.447 – 0.847) |
0.717* (0.523 – 0.984) |
0.698* (0.504 – 0.968) |
|||
| Female | 0.548 | 0.452** (0.345 – 0.592) |
0.426** (0.327 – 0.553) |
0.465** (0.352 – 0.615) |
|||
| Black | 0.111 | 0.934 (0.596 – 1.464) |
0.757 (0.485 – 1.181) |
1.005 (0.623 – 1.621) |
|||
| Other race | 0.038 | 0.379* (0.164 – 0.876) |
0.438* (0.197 – 0.974) |
0.422* (0.181 – 0.987) |
|||
| Age | 43.483 | 0.99 (0.978 – 1.002) |
0.983** (0.972 – 0.995) |
0.991 (0.979 – 1.004) |
|||
| # of children<18 | 0.665 | 1.166 (0.938 – 1.450) |
1.22 (0.989 – 1.505) |
1.171 (0.939 – 1.459) |
|||
| Fair or poor health | 0.069 | 0.942 (0.824 – 1.078) |
0.914 (0.801 – 1.043) |
0.925 (0.806 – 1.061) |
|||
| Household income, in $10,000 | 0.786 | 0.810 (0.483 – 1.360) |
0.502* (0.292 – 0.862) |
0.517* (0.294 – 0.907) |
|||
| Observations | 1168 | 1,137 | 1,114 | 1,157 | 1,134 | 1,127 | 1,106 |
| Pseudo R-squared | 0.0691 | 0.0947 | 0.0617 | 0.0923 | 0.0936 | 0.116 | |
**
Significant at the 1 percent level
*
Significant at the 5 percent level (95% confidence interval)