Fig. 1.

Stroma is hypovascular in PDAC but not cholangiocarcinoma. A–C: CD31 immuno-histochemistry (brown) was used to demonstrate vascular density in tissue micro-arrays with normal pancreas (A), PDAC (B) and cholangiocarcinoma (C). Scale Bar = 100 μm. D-E The micro-vascular density (MVD, D) was measured by number of vessels/mm². The total vascular area (TVA, E) was measured by area occupied by vessels per 1000 units of area using automated Ariol™ analysis for the tumour bearing and stromal areas of cancer. The summary data are shown in the form of box (median and interquartile ranges) and whisker (95% range) graphs. Each data-point represents a patient (numbers depicted by n=), which was derived as a median value of three to six microarray cores. Statistical analyses were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-hoc multiple comparison. ns, not significant, *p < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.