. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Genet Epidemiol. 2016 Nov 4;40(8):744–755. doi: 10.1002/gepi.22013

Table 4.

Analysis of the causal effect of BMI on the risk of T2D and CHD, and the effect of HDL on the risk of CHD using the FHS data.

Exposure	Disease	MR analysis p-value					Observational analysis p-value
Exposure	Disease	IV	Baseline 2SRI	PACE +2SRI	PACE+ 2SFRI	IV-outcome test	Baseline	PACE^a
BMI	T2D	GRS	0.014	0.008	0.057	0.026	< 2E-16	< 2E-16
BMI	T2D	14 SNPs	0.061	0.026	0.089	0.033	< 2E-16	< 2E-16

BMI	CHD	GRS	0.396	0.397	0.510	0.793	0.005	0.708
BMI	CHD	14 SNPs	0.438	0.467	0.532	0.414	0.005	0.708

HDL	CHD	GRS	0.518	0.531	0.239	0.967	0.114	0.005
HDL	CHD	14 SNPs	0.783	0.790	0.489	0.083	0.114	0.005

the cumulative effect of the exposure variable calculated from PACE-recovered curve was tested.