Figure 3.

PPARγ agonists provide protection against haemorrhagic shock signalling. Huh7 cells were incubated for 4 h in the presence of hypoxia (2% O₂), hypercapnia (10% CO₂) and hypothermia (32°C) (HxHcHp) and treated with compounds as indicated. (A) Six congeners of valproic acid were investigated for their effect on the pathway of interest. (B) All compounds were assessed for HDAC inhibitory activity using a commercial assay (Merck) to establish IC₅₀ values. Mean values were obtained using the Hill's equation. (C) Huh7 cells were treated with octanoic acid (OA), 2POA, VPD, SA, 2eVPA and decanoic acid (DA, between 0.05 and 0.75 mM as indicated), for 4 h while undergoing stress conditions (2% O₂, 10% CO₂, 32°C), and protein extract was analysed for pGSK3β‐Ser⁹ levels. Data were analysed using one‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Mean values of previous data (Figure 1B) are shown as horizontal lines for ease of comparison. Data were quantified from at least triplicate experiments with technical triplicates (n ≥ 9) ± SEM and were normalized to results in Nx. ^** P > 0.01 and ^*** P > 0.001 indicate significance compared with HxHcHp.