Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics at Intake*
| Measures | BD+ASD (n=30) |
BD (n=338) |
Effect Size | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 11.0 ± 2.7 | 12.8 ± 3.3 | 0.55 (d) | <.001 | |
| Male, % | 83 | 51 | 4.69 (OR) | < .001 | |
| White, % | 97 | 81 | 7.58 (OR) | .033 | |
| IQ, mean ± SD | 109 ± 19 | 106 ± 15 | 0.20 (d) | .3 | |
| Onset of mood symptoms, y | 6.7 ± 2.6 | 8.7 ± 3.9 | 0.52 (d) | .007 | |
| Duration of bipolar disorder, y | 4.4 ± 2.0 | 4.3 ± 3.0 | 0.03 (d) | .84 | |
| Child Global Assessment Scale | 55.9 ± 7.8 | 54.8 ± 12.5 | 0.09 (d) | .65 | |
| History of suicidal ideation, % | 57 | 75 | 0.44 (OR) | .03 | |
| History of suicide attempts, % | 17 | 30 | 0.48 (OR) | .13 | |
| Mania Rating Scale | Current | 24.2 ± 11.5 | 22.9 ± 12.4 | 0.11 (d) | .57 |
| Most Severe Lifetime | 32.2 ± 8.2 | 34.1 ± 7.8 | 0.24 (d) | .24 | |
| Depression Rating Scale | Current | 15.3 ± 10.0 | 14.4 ± 10.2 | 0.09 (d) | .66 |
| Most Severe Lifetime | 21.3 ± 12.0 | 22.3 ± 10.7 | 0.09 (d) | .63 | |
| Diagnostic Characterization Including Comorbid Disorders (DSM-IV Criteria), % | |||||
| Bipolar subtype, most recent BP-I/-II/-NOS | 50/ 3.3/ 46.7 | 60/ 7.4/ 32.2 | N/A | .24 | |
| Anxiety disordersa | 50 | 62 | 0.61 (OR) | .21 | |
| OCD | 30 | 14 | 2.63 (OR) | .05 | |
| ADHD | 87 | 67 | 3.30 (OR) | .03 | |
| ODD | 70 | 58 | 1.69 (OR) | .21 | |
| PTSD | 10 | 21 | 0.42 (OR) | .15 | |
| Psychotic disorders | 23 | 36 | 0.53 (OR) | .18 | |
Note: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; BD = bipolar disorder; BP-I/-II/-NOS = bipolar disorder I/II/not otherwise specified; d = Cohen’s d; OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder; OR = odds ratio with BD as reference group; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder.
a
Includes: separation and generalized anxiety disorders, panic disorder, social phobia, agoraphobia