Table 2.

Longitudinal Assessment of Mood Disorder Symptoms

Measures	BD+ASD (n=30)	BD (n=338)	Effect Size	P-value
Length of follow-up, months	108.2 ± 18.9	107.7 ± 18.2	0.03 (d)	.89
Number of interviews	13.9 ± 3.7	11.9 ± 3.9	0.51 (d)	.009
Age at onset of first major depressive episode, y	10.6 ± 4.2	12.4 ± 4.4	0.41 (d)	.05
Lifetime major depressive episode, %	83.3	84.6	0.91 (OR)	.79
Age at onset of first manic/hypomanic episode, y	9.6 ± 3.2	12.6 ± 4.8	0.64 (d)	<.001
Lifetime manic/hypomanic episode, %	73.3	74.6	0.93 (OR)	.88
Age at onset of first mixed episode, y	10.6 ± 3.7	13 ± 4.8	0.51 (d)	.04
Lifetime mixed episode, %	34.3	44.1	0.66 (OR)	.94
Lifetime mood-related psychotic symptoms, %	20.0	23.3	0.82 (OR)	.68
Lifetime suicidal ideation, %	63.3	80.8	0.41 (OR)	.02
Lifetime suicide attempt, %	30.0	50.6	0.42 (OR)	.03
Lifetime self-injurious behaviors, %	36.7	36.7	1 (OR)	.99
Age at first psychiatric hospitalization, y	10.0 ± 3.2	12.2 ± 4.1	0.55 (d)	.02
Lifetime psychiatric hospitalization, %	63.3	67.0	0.85 (OR)	.70
Lifetime hospitalizationsa	2.9 ± 7.3	2.5 ± 3.3	0.11 (d)	.75
Percent follow-up time spent in the following mood states, p values controlled for age
Asymptomatic	43 ± 27.7	49.7 ± 27	0.25 (d)	.49
Syndromal episodes	11 ± 13.2	14.5 ± 16.2	0.22 (d)	.39
Subsyndromal symptoms present	46 ± 23.7	35.8 ± 21.7	0.47 (d)	.12

Note: ASD = autism spectrum disorder; BD = bipolar disorder; d = Cohen’s d; OR = odds ratio with BD as reference group.

^aRefers to the average total number of individual hospitalizations occurring prior to or during follow-up.