Table 2.

High school and college-level educational attainment predicted from any age 14–18 MML exposure

		95% CI				Predicted Baseline Probability	Change in Predicted Probability
	OR	Lower	Upper		n
Any high school non-completion, irrespective of highest grade completed	1.03	0.96	1.10		5,483,715	6.44	0.16
High school non-completion thresholds by highest grade completed
Grades 9 to 12	1.04	0.96	1.12		5,463,547	7.95	0.28
Grades 10 to 12	1.05	0.98	1.13		5,396,572	6.86	0.32
Grades 11 to 12	1.07	1.01	1.13	*	5,281,936	5.13	0.33
Grade 12 (i.e., failure to earn a diploma or GED after completing grade 12)	1.11	1.05	1.17	***	5,134,058	3.99	0.40
College non-enrollment	1.09	1.04	1.14	***	4,529,911	31.12	1.84
College degree non-completion	1.03	1.01	1.06	**	1,636,716	45.30	0.85

Note. Based on a combined 2000–2014 Census/ACS sample. Race/ethnicity, sex, state poverty rate, state and time fixed effects, and a state-specific linear trend were included in all models. High school completion analyses also included math and science course graduation requirements and an indicator denoting whether individuals were required to pass an exit exam to earn their diploma. College-level analyses included the average cost of a 4-year public college degree in each state and the amount of state-funded need-based financial aid. 95% CI reflects adjustment for two-way clustering by state and time. The samples for these analyses are conditioned on at least entering into each threshold (e.g., the grade 9–12 threshold is conditioned on completing grade 9, college non-enrollment is conditioned on completing high school, and college non-completion is conditioned on beginning college). The listed 95% confidence intervals reflect unadjusted p-values; the “Grades 11 to 12” high school completion analysis did not remain significant after applying aBonferroni correction.

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001