Table 1.

Select characteristics of male incident bladder cancer cases and controls from the Canadian National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance System, 1994–1997

Characteristic	Cases		Controls		OR a	95% CI	P‐value
	N	%	N	%
Age at interview
40–50	52	7.9	137	10.1
50–60	126	19.2	239	17.6
60–70	283	43.0	581	42.7
≥70	197	29.9	403	29.6
Province of residence
Newfoundland	42	6.4	105	7.7
Prince Edward Island	15	2.3	63	4.6
Nova Scotia	60	9.1	307	22.6
Manitoba	88	13.4	126	9.3
Saskatchewan	62	9.4	120	8.8
Alberta	196	29.8	265	19.5
British Columbia	195	29.6	374	27.5
Proxy respondent
No	405	61.6	902	66.3	1.00
Yes	253	38.5	458	33.7	1.30	1.06–1.59	0.04
Cigarette pack‐years
Never smoker	76	11.6	302	22.2	1.00
0–10	67	10.2	223	16.4	1.15	0.79–1.68
10–20	120	18.2	233	17.1	1.93	1.37–2.72
20–30	126	19.2	214	15.7	2.39	1.70–3.38
30–40	121	18.4	147	10.8	3.54	2.46–5.07
≥40	137	20.8	217	16.0	2.70	1.91–3.81
Unknown	11	1.7	24	1.8
P trend					<0.001
Occupational exposure to aromatic amines
Never	652	99.1	1348	99.1	1.00
Ever	6	0.9	12	0.9	1.36	0.49–3.79	0.60
Occupational exposure to asbestos b
Never	619	94.1	1291	94.9	1.00
Ever	39	5.9	69	5.1	1.18	0.78–1.79	0.43
Occupational exposure to crystalline silica b
Never	492	74.8	1105	81.3	1.00
Ever	166	25.2	255	18.8	1.31	1.04–1.66	0.02
Total	658	100.0	1360	100.0

^aPresented odds ratios (OR) are adjusted for age, province of residence, and proxy respondent.

^bBinary categories are presented for consistency but models were adjusted for cumulative asbestos and cumulative silica exposure derived from estimates of concentration of exposure, frequency of exposure adjusted for job status, and duration of employment.