Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Cohort According to Baseline CRP Categories
| Normal: ≤3.0 mg/L |
Mildly Elevated: >3.0–<6.9 mg/L |
Moderately/markedly Elevated: ≥6.9 mg/L |
Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Participants | 2,112 | 953 | 973 | |
| CRP | NA | 4.5 (3.7–5.4) | 13.3 (9.0–23.5) | |
| Age (y) | 67.8 ±10.7 | 67.1 ±10.6 | 66.5 ±10.6 | 0.001 |
| Male sex | 44.6 | 40.9 | 40.5 | 0.02 |
| Race | 0.2 | |||
| Black | 18.6 | 20.4 | 23.5 | |
| Hispanic | 16.3 | 11.0 | 9.1 | |
| Other | 4.0 | 2.1 | 1.0 | |
| White | 61.1 | 66.5 | 66.3 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.8 (1.5–2.3) | 1.9 (1.5–2.4) | 1.9 (1.5–2.4) | 0.04 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 32 (25–40) | 31 (24–39) | 31 (24–41) | 0.05 |
| Urine PCR | 0.4 (0.1–1.8) | 0.5 (0.2–1.9) | 0.4 (0.1–1.9) | 0.1 |
| History of AKI | 7.7 | 10.9 | 13.2 | <0.001 |
| Duration of T2DM (y) | 15.5 (8.5–21.6) | 15.6 (8.6–21.9) | 15.0 (7.5–21.8) | 0.2 |
| HbA1c | 6.9 (6.2–7.8) | 7.1 (6.3–8.2) | 7.1 (6.3–8.1) | <0.001 |
| Neuropathy | 47.3 | 47.0 | 49.8 | 0.2 |
| Retinopathy | 50.5 | 46.1 | 40.1 | <0.001 |
| Insulin use | 44.4 | 55.1 | 54.2 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.1 (25.7–33.5) | 31.2 (26.9–36.1) | 32.1 (27.4–38.5) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.4 ±1.0 | 10.4 ±1.0 | 10.3 ±1.0 | 0.01 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.0 ±0.4 | 4.0 ±0.4 | 3.9 ±0.4 | <0.001 |
| CAD | 35.1 | 38.7 | 37.3 | 0.2 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 17.4 | 16.5 | 19.2 | 0.3 |
| PAD | 18.1 | 20.4 | 23.3 | <0.001 |
| Heart Failure | 29.7 | 36.7 | 38.0 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136.0 ±18.7 | 137.0 ±18.6 | 134.6 ±18.9 | 0.1 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 89 ±39 | 94 ±42 | 93 ±40 | 0.01 |
| Statin | 61.7 | 57.0 | 53.2 | <0.001 |
| ACEi or ARB | 82.1% | 77.4% | 77.2% | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 0.01 | |||
| Current | 4.5 | 4.7 | 6.5 | |
| Former | 38.0 | 38.7 | 40.7 | |
| Never | 57.5 | 56.6 | 52.8 | |
| Ferritin (µg/L) | 120 (60–240) | 133 (66–256) | 161 (90–299) | <0.001 |
| Transferrin Saturation (%) |
25.6±9.4 | 24.1±9.6 | 21.2±8.4 | <0.001 |
| Iron therapy | 42.9 | 42.0 | 48.8 | 0.01 |
| Treatment: Darbepoetin vs Placebo |
50.0 | 50.6 | 48.7 | 0.6 |
Note: Values for categorical variables are given as percentage; values for continuous variables, as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range].
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PCR, protein-creatinine ratio; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.
a
P values refer to a test for trend across increasing category of CRP concentration.