Table 3.
Unadjusted and Multivariable adjusted associations of Baseline Factors with Development of ESRD
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| CRP category | ||||
| ≤3.0 mg/L | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
| >3.0 – <6.9 mg/L | 1.21 (1.01–1.46) | 0.04 | 1.08 (0.88–1.33) | 0.4 |
| ≥6.9 mg/L | 1.37 (1.14–1.64) | 0.001 | 1.32 (1.07–1.63) | 0.01 |
| Age, per 10 y older | 0.71 (0.67–0.77) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.04 |
| Male sex, vs female | 1.75 (1.51–2.04) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.53–2.20) | <0.001 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | - |
| Black | 1.65 (1.38–1.97) | <0.001 | 1.44 (1.18–1.77) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 1.53 (1.23–1.90) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.67–1.13) | 0.3 |
| Other | 1.13 (0.71–1.82) | 0.7 | 0.93 (0.57–1.53) | 0.8 |
| eGFR, per 10–mL/min/1.73 m2 increase |
0.40 (0.36–0.44) | <0.001 | 0.46 (0.41–0.50) | <0.001 |
| Log Urine PCR, per 1-unit greater | 2.04 (1.93–2.15) | <0.001 | 1.77 (1.63–1.92) | <0.001 |
| History of AKI, vs none | 1.63 (1.30–2.03) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.12–1.81) | 0.004 |
| Duration of T2DM, per 12 mo longer |
1.01 (1.01–1.02) | 0.001 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.03 |
| HbA1c, per 1% greater | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 0.5 |
| Retinopathy, vs none | 1.83 (1.56–2.13) | <0.001 | 1.05 (0.87–1.26) | 0.6 |
| Insulin use, vs none | 1.55 (1.33–1.81) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.92–1.33) | 0.3 |
| BMI, per10-kg/m2 greater | 0.85 (0.77–0.95) | 0.01 | 0.84 (0.73–0.95) | 0.01 |
| Hemoglobin, per 1-g/dL greater | 0.78 (0.73–0.84) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 0.3 |
| Albumin, per 1-g/dL greater | 0.24 (0.21–0.27) | <0.001 | 0.58 (0.47–0.72) | <0.001 |
| CAD, vs none | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 0.4 | 1.10 (0.91–1.32) | 0.3 |
| CVD, vs none | 0.94 (0.77–1.16) | 0.6 | 1.13 (0.90–1.42) | 0.3 |
| PAD, vs none | 1.09 (0.90–1.32) | 0.4 | 1.00 (0.81–1.25) | 0.9 |
| Heart failure, vs none | 1.33 (1.13–1.55) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.22–1.75) | <0.001 |
| SBP, per 10–mm Hg greater | 1.16 (1.12–1.21) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | 0.7 |
| Statin, vs none | 0.85 (0.73–1.00) | 0.04 | 0.94 (0.79–1.12) | 0.5 |
| ACEi/ARB, vs none | 0.86 (0.71–1.03) | 0.1 | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 0.8 |
| LDL cholesterol, per 10-mg/dL greater |
1.06 (1.04–1.08) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.6 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Current | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | - |
| Former | 0.64 (0.48–0.86) | 0.004 | 0.84 (0.60–1.18) | 0.3 |
| Never | 0.56 (0.41–0.75) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.59–1.15) | 0.3 |
| Ferritin, per 100-µg/L greater | 1.04 (1.03–1.06) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.3 |
| Iron Saturation, per 1% greater | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.3 |
| Iron therapy, vs none | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | 0.3 | 1.07 (0.91–1.26) | 0.4 |
| Darbepoetin, vs placebo | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) | 0.9 | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | 0.4 |
Note: The multivariable models were adjusted for age, gender, race, eGFR, log-transformed urine PCR, history of acute kidney injury, duration of T2DM, HbA1c, retinopathy, insulin use, BMI, hemoglobin, serum albumin, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, statin therapy, ACEi or ARB therapy, smoking status, ferritin, transferrin saturation, iron therapy and randomized treatment assignment.
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PCR, protein-creatinine ratio; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HR, hazard ratio; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.