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. 2016 Nov 25;11:523. doi: 10.1186/s11671-016-1748-3

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 4 — Schematic representation of the EDL process on GSH-AuNPs. The Stern layer is strongly anchored to the surface of the NP and consists of opposite charged ion. A diffuse layer then develops beyond the Stern layer and comprises of both positive and negative charges. In the process of electrophoresis, the NP with the adsorbed EDL migrates in the direction of the positive electrode while the slipping plane represents the interface between the dispersant and mobile NP. The ZP charge is deduced from the potential at the slipping plane. GSH-AuNPs are used as a representative NP for this description