Fig. 1.

Top and side views of the heterostructure of $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{n}\left(3\right)/\mathrm{G}\left(\sqrt{31}\right)$ (a heterostructure consisting of 3 × 3 stanene unit cell and $\sqrt{31}\times \sqrt{31}$ graphene unit cell). Yellow, red, and gray spheres represent Sn-top, Sn-bottom, and C atoms, respectively. Δ and D represent the buckling height of stanene and interlayer distance between the substrate graphene and bottom Sn layer, respectively. The black arrows represent the lattice vector ${\overrightarrow{a}}_{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{n}}\mathrm{and}{\overrightarrow{a}}_{\mathrm{G}}$ and of the unit cell of stanene and graphene