Table 1.
Unadjusted and adjusted associations between various factors and reporting difficulty accessing health care for an infant (n = 2832)
| Reported difficulty | Reported no difficulty | Unadjusted ORa (95% CI)b | Adjusted ORa (95% CI)b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Socioeconomic factors | ||||
| Household income (CAD) | ||||
| ≥ $80,000 | 128 (11.9) | 945 (88.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| $40,000–$79,999 | 158 (12.9) | 1064 (87.1) | 1.10 (0.84–1.43) | 0.89 (0.66–1.21) |
| < $40,000 | 111 (14.7) | 645 (85.3) | 1.28 (0.98–1.67) | 0.98 (0.67–1.43) |
| Mother’s highest level of education | ||||
| Degree or higher | 151 (13.1) | 999 (86.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Some Postsecondary | 181 (12.4) | 1273 (87.6) | 1.07 (0.81–1.43) | 0.89 (0.65–1.20) |
| High school or less | 86 (14.0) | 527 (86.0) | 0.94 (0.73–1.21) | 0.96 (0.64–1.43) |
| Demographic factors | ||||
| Region of residence | ||||
| Atlantic | 24 (10.4) | 208 (89.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Quebec | 140 (18.3) | 624 (81.7) | 1.92 (1.42–2.60) | 1.89 (1.31–2.73) |
| Ontario | 121 (10.2) | 1065 (89.8) | 0.98 (0.72–1.32) | 0.92 (0.64–1.33) |
| Prairies | 84 (13.3) | 547 (86.7) | 1.32 (0.95–1.82) | 1.43 (0.97–2.11) |
| British Columbia | 51 (12.4) | 356 (87.6) | 1.22 (0.82–1.82) | 1.16 (0.72–1.88) |
| Territories | 3 (14.0) | 16 (86.0) | 1.39 (0.94–2.06) | 1.13 (0.66–1.94) |
| Immigrant | ||||
| No | 320 (12.1) | 2336 (87.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 100 (17.5) | 471 (82.5) | 1.54 (1.17–2.03) | 1.58 (1.10–2.27) |
| Aboriginal | ||||
| No | 404 (13.1) | 2678 (86.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 19 (13.3) | 124 (86.7) | 1.02 (0.64–1.62) | 1.04 (0.58–1.85) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Has a partner | 386 (13.1) | 2552 (86.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No partner | 36 (12.2) | 256 (87.8) | 0.92 (0.64–1.32) | 0.85 (0.51–1.41) |
| Maternal age | ||||
| ≥ 35 | 56 (10.5) | 479 (89.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 20–34 | 346 (13.4) | 2231 (86.6) | 1.32 (0.96–1.83) | 1.30 (0.90–1.87) |
| < 20 | 19 (18.0) | 88 (82.0) | 1.87 (1.11–3.15) | 1.65 (0.76–3.60) |
| Size of community of residence | ||||
| Rural population | 68 (12.0) | 500 (88) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| < 500,000 | 152 (12.5) | 1066 (87.5) | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) | 1.22 (0.85–1.75) |
| ≥ 500,000 | 192 (14.2) | 1163 (85.8) | 1.21 (0.89–1.64) | 0.97 (0.66–1.43) |
| Maternal factors | ||||
| Timing of pregnancy | ||||
| Well-timed | 287 (12.0) | 2100 (88.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mistimed | 110 (17.3) | 527 (82.7) | 1.52 (1.17–1.98) | 1.44 (1.05–1.98) |
| Unwanted | 22 (11.2) | 171 (88.8) | 0.92 (0.56–1.51) | 0.85 (0.47–1.56) |
| Total number of live births | ||||
| More than one | 216 (12.6) | 1498 (87.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| One | 207 (13.6) | 310 (86.4) | 1.09 (0.88–1.35) | 1.02 (0.79–1.32) |
| Postpartum social support | ||||
| Most of the time | 327 (11.9) | 2412 (88.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Some of the time | 52 (16.0) | 275 (84.0) | 1.41 (1.00–1.99) | 1.24 (0.82–1.88) |
| None/little of the time | 43 (25.3) | 127 (74.7) | 2.50 (1.68–3.72) | 1.69 (1.05–2.73) |
| Mother’s perceived health | ||||
| Excellent/very good | 244 (10.5) | 2076 (89.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Good | 146 (19.8) | 592 (80.2) | 2.10 (1.65–2.66) | 1.88 (1.43–2.47) |
| Fair/poor | 34 (18.5) | 148 (81.5) | 1.93 (1.27–2.93) | 1.60 (0.98–2.60) |
| Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score | ||||
| 0–12 | 365 (12.3) | 2601 (87.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥ 13 | 52 (21.7) | 188 (78.3) | 1.98 (1.40–2.79) | 1.55 (1.02–2.37) |
| Health service factors | ||||
| Prenatal care given in a language mother could understand | ||||
| Yes | 407 (12.9) | 2752 (87.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 16 (23.0) | 53 (77.0) | 2.01 (0.96–4.20) | 1.16 (0.43–3.15) |
| Feelings about length of hospital stay | ||||
| About right | 264 (12.1) | 1925 (87.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Too short | 82 (17.7) | 382 (82.3) | 1.57 (1.17–2.12) | 1.69 (1.21–2.35) |
| Too long | 73 (13.1) | 482 (86.9) | 1.10 (0.80–1.50) | 0.96 (0.67–1.37) |
| Prenatal care provider | ||||
| Family physician | 135 (11.7) | 1019 (88.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Other | 287 (14.0) | 1768 (86.0) | 1.23 (0.97–1.55) | 1.27 (0.96–1.67) |
| Infant related factors | ||||
| Birth weight (grams) | ||||
| < 2500 | 12 (7.80) | 147 (92.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥ 2500 | 410 (13.4) | 2661 (86.6) | 1.82 (0.90–3.66) | 2.43 (1.02–5.82) |
aSample size estimated using normalized weights
b95%Confidence Interval was calculated using bootstrapping technique
Bolded ratios are significant