Table 3.

Serum concentration of compounds related to lipid and protein metabolism, enzyme activities and cortisol in serum and saliva in the HS and the H group throughout the experimental period (mean ± SD)

Parameter	D1	D3	D4	D5	Group
NEFAs, mmol/L	0.08 ± 0.06	0.13 ± 0.58*	0.08 ± 0.04	0.04 ± 0.01b	H
		0.14 ± 0.04**	0.09 ± 0.06	0.08 ± 0.04a	HS
Triglycerides, mg/dL	49 ± 18	48 ± 15	64 ± 20*	70 ± 23**	H
		53 ± 16	58 ± 21	85 ± 29**	HS
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	101 ± 18	116 ± 63	93 ± 11	99 ± 29	H
		138 ± 46*	94 ± 17	114 ± 39	HS
Urea, mg/dL	31.4 ± 5.5	36.4 ± 5.2*	25.1 ± 4.7**	24.0 ± 3.4***	H
		32.3 ± 10.3*	22.5 ± 3.6***	22.7 ± 4.1***	HS
Creatinine, mg/dL	1.66 ± 0.22	1.96 ± 0.31**	1.84 ± 0.20*a	1.90 ± 0.25*	H
		1.91 ± 0.28*	1.64 ± 0.19b	1.82 ± 0.43	HS
Total protein, g/dL	7.66 ± 0.32	8.11 ± 0.58*	8.14 ± 0.41**a	7.97 ± 0.31*	H
		7.86 ± 0.38	7.85 ± 0.36b	7.75 ± 0.42	HS
CK, U/mL	7.85 ± 16.25	10.22 ± 13.32b	10.66 ± 28.46	2.98 ± 3.58	H
		90.14 ± 125.14*a	11.96 ± 21.39	38.90 ± 65.58	HS
ALT, U/L	65.4 ± 126.6	97.1 ± 125.0	63.3 ± 37.1	62.4 ± 22.4	H
		125.6 ± 95.6*	65.1 ± 11.5	72.9 ± 19.6	HS
ALP, U/L	104.7 ± 31.2	134.9 ± 60.3	100.3 ± 22.3	116.6 ± 26.2	H
		107.6 ± 42.8	105.4 ± 32.3	98.3 ± 31.3	HS
Serum cortisol, μg/dL	8.47 ± 4.92	5.56 ± 2.86	7.02 ± 4.93	5.08 ± 4.17*	H
		7.22 ± 6.08	6.32 ± 4.79	6.49 ± 5.10	HS
Salivary cortisol, ng/mL	6.53 ± 4.69	9.88 ± 6.96	9.80 ± 6.01*	11.29 ± 6.33**	H
		25.01 ± 42.28	14.54 ± 12.36*	12.02 ± 9.88**	HS

^a,b Within columns, means with a different superscript differed significantly (P < 0.05) between H and HS group

Asterisks show significant differences versus D1: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001