Fig. 4.

Increased mitochondrial DNA damage without significant changes of PGC-1α, key electron transport chain proteins or mitochondrial DNA copy number in response to bafilomycin or chloroquine. (A) Western blot analysis of subunits of complex I-V, PGC-1α, aconitase, and citrate synthase, in lysates from cells exposed to 10 nM bafilomycin or 40 µM chloroquine for 24 h. (B-I) Relative quantification of western blots (A). (J) Analysis of mitochondrial DNA copy number normalized to nuclear DNA. (K) Analysis of mitochondrial DNA damage. *p<0.05 compared to control, n≥3 independent samples and treatment from 1 experiment, Data=mean±SEM.