Cortical activity and temporal conditioning. Brain activity increased during the inter-trial interval of the temporal conditioning (i.e., fixed interval UCS; solid line), but not control (i.e., random interval UCS; dotted line) procedure within dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), temporal cortex, and postcentral gyrus. Graphs depict mean fMRI signal (% change) prior to UCS presentation.