Table 5.
Prevalence (%) and odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the metabolic syndrome meeting ATP III criteria according to sleep duration by age and by BMI.
| Sleep duration (hours a day) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ≥9 | p-trend | |
| Age ≤ 40 | ||||||
| Prevalence (%) | 28 (10.1) | 62 (7.2) | 84 (6.5) | 62 (5.4) | 35 (8.2) | |
| Unadjusted | ∗1.63 (1.04–2.55) | 1.13 (0.80–1.58) | Reference | 0.82 (0.59–1.15) | 1.29 (0.86–2.00) | 0.13 |
| Model 1 | †1.16 (0.82–1.63) | 1.16 (0.82–1.63) | Reference | 0.85 (0.601.20) | †1.42 (0.93–2.17) | 0.28 |
| Model 2 | 1.40 (0.82–2.39) | 1.14 (0.79–1.67) | Reference | 0.81 (0.55–1.18) | †1.53 (0.97–2.41) | 0.57 |
| Model 3 | 1.09 (0.60–1.99) | 0.83 (0.53–1.29) | Reference | 0.81 (0.52–1.24) | ∗2.00 (1.19–3.38) | 0.16 |
| Age > 40 | ||||||
| Prevalence (%) | 212 (25.5) | 246 (20.7) | 312 (24.1) | 226 (24.4) | 71 (29.2) | |
| Unadjusted | 1.08 (0.88–1.32) | ∗0.82 (0.68–1.00) | Reference | 1.02 (0.83–1.24) | †1.30 (0.96–1.76) | 0.23 |
| Model 1 | †0.81 (0.66–1.00) | ∗0.82 (0.68–1.00) | Reference | 1.01 (0.82–0.23) | 1.09 (0.79–1.49) | ∗<0.01 |
| Model 2 | ∗0.79 (0.62–0.99) | 0.84 (0.68–1.04) | Reference | 1.01 (0.81–1.27) | 1.04 (0.74–1.48) | ∗0.01 |
| Model 3 | ∗0.72 (0.56–0.94) | †0.82 (0.65–1.04) | Reference | 0.97 (0.76–1.24) | 1.08 (0.73–1.59) | ∗<0.01 |
|
| ||||||
| BMI < 25 | ||||||
| Prevalence (%) | 102 (13.2) | 133 (8.5) | 145 (7.1) | 125 (7.5) | 35 (6.5) | |
| Unadjusted | ∗1.98 (1.51–2.59) | 1.20 (0.94–1.54) | Reference | 1.06 (0.82–1.35) | 0.91 (0.62–1.33) | ∗<0.01 |
| Model 1 | 0.93 (0.69–1.24) | 1.08 (0.83–1.39) | Reference | 1.16 (0.89–1.51) | 1.02 (0.68–1.53) | 0.35 |
| Model 2 | 0.88 (0.63–1.22) | 1.10 (0.82–1.46) | Reference | 1.12 (0.83–1.50) | 1.01 (0.64–1.58) | 0.42 |
| Model 3 | 0.93 (0.66–1.31) | 1.07 (0.79–1.43) | Reference | 1.18 (0.87–1.59) | 1.25 (0.79–1.99) | 0.19 |
| BMI ≥ 25 | ||||||
| Prevalence (%) | 138 (47.1) | 175 (36.7) | 251 (44.4) | 163 (39.1) | 71 (53.0) | |
| Unadjusted | 0.87 (0.67–1.15) | ∗0.73 (0.57–0.93) | Reference | †0.81 (0.62–1.04) | †1.41 (0.97–2.07) | †0.07 |
| Model 1 | ∗0.48 (0.51–0.91) | ∗0.71 (0.55–0.92) | Reference | 0.82 (0.63–1.07) | †1.45 (0.98–2.14) | ∗<0.01 |
| Model 2 | ∗0.64 (0.46–0.88) | †0.75 (0.57–1.00) | Reference | 0.86 (0.64–1.15) | ∗1.17 (1.01–2.44) | ∗<0.01 |
| Model 3 | ∗0.62 (0.45–0.87) | ∗0.70 (0.53–0.94) | Reference | 0.78 (0.58–1.06) | †1.52 (0.97–2.38) | ∗<0.01 |
Data of prevalence category are numbers and percentages.
The metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.
Model 1, adjusted for age, education, and monthly income.
Model 2, adjusted for smoking and alcohol status, physical activity, and energy intake plus Model 1.
Model 3, adjusted for body mass index plus Model 2.
∗ p value < 0.05, † p value < 0.1.