Table 4.

Random Effects Logit Regression Estimates (Odds Ratio) for the Effects of Childhood Disadvantage and Life-course Factors on Onset of Heart Problems

	Women				Men
	Crude Models	Adjusted models			Crude Models	Adjusted models

	Model 1	Model 2a	Model 2b	Model 2c	Model 1	Model 2a	Model 2b	Model 2c
Childhood disadvantage	1.21^**	1.14^*	1.16^*	1.12	1.14^*	1.07	1.13	1.07
Timing of transition to parenthood
Nulliparous	.87		.86	.88	.81		.81	.81
Ages 20–23	1.50^**		1.42^*	1.37^*	1.19		1.15	1.09
Under age 20	1.69^**		1.54^**	1.40^*	1.22		1.16	1.01
Life-course factors
College graduation	.72^**	.85		.90	.73^**	.84		.85
Financial strain	1.28^***	1.16^*		1.16^*	1.04	.97		.97
Family strain	1.32^***	1.24^***		1.24^***	1.12	1.09		1.09
Depressive symptoms	1.17^**	1.09		1.08	1.05	1.02		1.02
Formerly smoked	1.36^*	1.32^*		1.32^*	1.09	1.05		1.04
Current smoker	1.59^**	1.40		1.34	1.44^*	1.35		1.33
Heavy drinking	1.03	.87		.88	1.11	.95		.95
Obesity	1.36^*	1.22		1.21	1.95^***	1.89^***		1.89^***

Ages 24+ and never smoked are the reference groups for timing of transition to parenthood and smoking status, respectively.

p < .05,

^**

p < .01,

^***

p < .001