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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2016 Aug 26;143:82–90. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.040

Fig. 6. Signal sources of 2DG-CESL.

Fig. 6

R1ρ changes were measured at two spin-lock power levels with 1 g/kg of mannitol (n=4 animals) vs. 0.25 g/kg 2DG injection (n=4). Rats were anesthetized with 0.5% isoflurane. R1ρ change maps were overlaid on T1-weighted images (A); and the time courses were obtained from cortical ROIs (shown in one hemisphere by the red contour in T1-weighted image) for mannitol (B) and 2DG (C). Data were shown as mean ± SD. Assuming the contribution from the injection-induced osmolality increase to ΔR1ρ is linearly dependent on the injection dose, the contribution from the osmolality effect to the 2DG-CESL signal were estimated. The blue time course in (C) represents the non-chemical exchange contribution to the CESL signal, taken as ¼ of the ΔR1ρ time course of mannitol injection. Large R1ρ change at the ventricle area (blue arrows) is due to a relative volume change of CSF in the voxel (see text).