Table 4.

Green tea and PCB-related injury

First author, yr [ref]	Study design	Preparation of Extract or GTP Used	Treatments	Effects of green tea
Cellular studies
Han, 2012[112]	Primary vascular endothelial cells	Pure EGCG (Cayman Chemical Co., Ann Arbor, MI)	PCB PCB+EGCG	↓ CYP1A1 mRNA and protein expression ↓ Superoxide production ↓ MCP-1 and VCAM-1 ↑ Nrf2-controlled genes (GST and NQO1)
Ramadass, 2003[115]	Endothelial cells	Pure EGCG (Sigma-Aldrich, Ltd., St. Louis, MO)	PCB 77 (3,3′, 4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl) PCB 77+EGCG	↓ Oxidative stress↓ CYP1A1 activity
Weisburger, 1994[116]	in vitro systems of Jägerstad	Not available	PCB PCB+EGCG	↓ Formation of typical HCAs (MeIQx and PhIP)
Animal studies
Morita, 1997[113]	Male rats	Not available	PCB PCB+GTE	↓ Liver distribution of PCB
Newsome, 2014 [114]	C57BL/6 mice	GTE (Taiyo International Inc., Minneapolis, MN)	PCB PCB+GTE	↑ SOD1, GSR, NQO1 and GST ↓ Oxidative stress

EGCG, (−)-epigallocatechingallate; GTE, green tea extract; GSR, glutathione S-reductase; GST, glutathione S transferase; HCAs, Heterocyclic amines; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; MeIQx, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline; NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinoneoxidoreductase; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor 2; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl; PhIP, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine ; SOD1, Superoxide Dismutase 1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion protein-1. ↑ increase; ↓ decrease.