Table 2.
Serum XOD activity, uric acid, IMA, and other biomarkers of protein modifications in control subjects and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
| Control subjects (n = 30) | Type 2 DM patients | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-DPN (n = 51) | DPN (n = 29) | ||
| XOD (U/L) | 5.7 ± 2.4 | 20.3 ± 8.6∗ | 27.5 ± 10.6∗‡ |
| IMA (IU/mL) | 28.5 ± 8.7 | 34.7 ± 12.4∗ | 40.3 ± 11.8∗‡ |
| Albumin (g/L) | 44.1 ± 2.4 | 43.4 ± 2.2 | 42.1 ± 2.2∗‡ |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 35.2 ± 11.8 | 59.2 ± 22.7∗ | 72.7 ± 22.8∗‡ |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 246 ± 70 | 268 ± 72 | 298 ± 68∗ |
| Total thiols (μmol/L) | 541 ± 94 | 407 ± 118∗ | 294 ± 86∗‡ |
| AGE (RFU) | 6.41 ± 1.19 | 7.26 ± 1.44∗ | 8.45 ± 2.17∗‡ |
| AOPP (μmol/L Chloramine-T) | 38.7 ± 9.4 | 63.7 ± 23.7∗ | 65.3 ± 26.0∗ |
Data are presented as mean values ± standard deviation. Differences between groups were tested by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Student's t-test. XOD: xanthine oxidase; IMA: ischemia-modified albumin; AGE: advanced glycation end products; AOPP: advanced protein oxidation products; RFU: relative fluorescence units.
∗ p < 0.05 versus control group; ‡ p < 0.05 versus non-DPN group.