Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate predictors of all-cause mortality
|
Univariate |
Multivariate full |
Multivariate reduced |
||||
| HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.48 (1.14-1.92) | 0.0028 | 0.98 (0.73-1.32) | 0.8896 | ||
| Age (1 yr) | 1.05 (1.04-1.06) | < 0.0001 | 1.04 (1.03-1.05) | < 0.0001 | 1.04 (1.03-1.05) | < 0.0001 |
| Male gender | 2.4 (1.85-3.07) | < 0.0001 | 1.45 (1.11-1.90) | 0.0068 | 1.48 (1.13-1.93) | 0.0045 |
| SBP (10 mmHg) | 0.93 (0.88-0.99) | 0.0228 | 0.92 (0.86-0.98) | 0.0084 | 0.91 (0.86-0.97) | 0.0057 |
| NYHA II-III | 1.70 (1.35-2.10) | < 0.0001 | 1.3 (1.03-1.65) | 0.0265 | 1.32 (1.05-1.66) | 0.0195 |
| Without CAD | 0.53 (0.4-0.71) | < 0.0001 | 0.61 (0.44-0.84) | 0.0023 | 0.58 (0.43-0.80) | 0.0008 |
| Any device | 1.57 (1.23-2.00) | 0.0002 | 1.65 (1.19-2.29) | 0.0028 | 1.57 (1.23-2.02) | 0.0004 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 0.68 (0.53-0.87) | 0.002 | 0.8 (0.60-1.06) | 0.1151 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.72 (1.36-2.17) | < 0.0001 | 1.63 (1.27-2.08) | 0.0001 | 1.59 (1.25-2.04) | 0.0002 |
| Cancer history | 1.89 (1.37-2.60) | < 0.0001 | 1.82 (1.31-2.54) | 0.0004 | 1.84 (1.33-2.56) | 0.0003 |
| COPD | 1.84 (1.4-2.4) | < 0.0001 | 1.33 (0.98-1.80) | 0.0707 | 1.38 (1.02-1.86) | 0.0359 |
| Anaemia | 2.22 (1.57-3.13) | < 0.0001 | 1.82 (1.23-2.69) | 0.0027 | 1.95 (1.37-2.79) | 0.0002 |
| CKD (eGFR < 60) | 2.81 (1.85-4.25) | < 0.0001 | 1.42 (0.87-2.29) | 0.1577 | ||
| Preserved LVEF (> 45%) | 0.74 (0.56-0.98) | 0.034 | 0.91 (0.68-1.22) | 0.5369 | ||
| PM stimulation | 1.56 (1.14-2.14) | 0.006 | 0.91 (0.59-1.40) | 0.6561 | ||
| Beta-blockers | 0.67 (0.53-0.85) | 0.001 | 0.83 (0.64-1.09) | 0.1903 | ||
| ACEi/ARB | 0.69 (0.53-0.88) | 0.003 | 0.77 (0.59-1.01) | 0.0634 | 0.73 (0.56-0.94) | 0.0169 |
| Aldosterone blockers | 1.57 (1.26-1.95) | < 0.0001 | 1.11 (0.86-1.43) | 0.429 | ||
| Diuretics | 2.5 (1.87-3.31) | < 0.0001 | 1.51 (1.09-2.10) | 0.0134 | 1.58 (1.17-2.15) | 0.0031 |
| Digoxin | 1.6 (1.25-2.05) | 0.0002 | 1.29 (0.97-1.73) | 0.0807 | 1.31 (1.00-1.72) | 0.0482 |
| Statin | 0.8 (0.64-1.00) | 0.051 | 0.8 (0.60-1.05) | 0.1108 | 0.71 (0.55-0.90) | 0.0057 |
Any device included any pacemaker or internal-cardioverter defibrillator. SBP: Systolic blood pressure; NYHA: New York Heart Association; CAD: Coronary artery disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI formula; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; PM: Pacemaker; ACEi: ACE inhibitors; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker.