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VHH against DKK1 (A) or FRZB (B) can be used for restoring WNT signaling in hChs. A concentration of 5 μg/mL DKK1 or FRZB neutralizing antibodies restores WNT activation to its original levels (A, B). The control IgG antibody did not interfere with gene expression in hMSCs (C), hChs (D), and cocultures of hChs and hMSCs (E) of the investigated genes compared to control cells receiving no treatment. hChs, human chondrocytes; hMSCs, human mesenchymal stem cells.
