Table 2.
Sonographic presentation in the 31 testes of 27a patients with perinatal testicular torsion (TT) divided into prenatal and postnatal torsion
| Clinical data | Total (n = 31)b | Prenatal torsion (n = 17) | Postnatal torsion (n = 14) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Testicular morphology | ||||
| Irregular morphology | 10 (32.3) | 8 (47.0) | 2 (14.3) | 0.10 |
| Fuzzy display | 3 (10.0) | 2 (11.8) | 1 (7.2) | |
| Regular morphology | 18 (58.1) | 7 (41.2) | 11 (78.6) | |
| Testicular size | ||||
| Swollen | 16 (51.6) | 10 (58.8) | 6 (42.9) | 0.01 |
| Testes of equal size | 8 (25.8) | 1 (5.9) | 7 (50) | |
| Smaller | 7 (22.6) | 6 (35.3) | 1 (7.2) | |
| Sonographic testicular echoes | ||||
| Homogeneous | 5 (16.1) | 0 (0) | 5 (35.7) | 0.007 |
| Non-homogeneous | 26 (83.9) | 17 (100) | 9 (64.3) | |
| Non-homogeneous enhancement | 11 | 6 | 5 | |
| Medium to low | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| “Circular” or “eggshell-like” hyperechoic | 10 | 9 | 1 | |
| “Radial shape” hypoechoic | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Small anechoic areas | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| Blood supply | ||||
| No blood supply | 25 (80.7) | 16 (94.1) | 9 (64.3) | 0.11 |
| Small amount of blood supply | 5 (16.1) | 1 (5.9) | 4 (28.6) | |
| Faintly visible blood flow | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (7.1) | |
| Testicular hydrocele | 23 (74.2) | 13 (76.4) | 10 (71.4) | 0.72 |
| Ultrasound diagnosis | ||||
| TT and necrosis directly suggested | 21 (67.7) | 10 (58.8) | 11 (78.6) | 0.77 |
| TT/necrosis indirectly suggested | 8 (25.8) | 5 (29.4) | 3 (21.4) | |
| Testicular teratoma suggested | 2 (6.4) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | |
Data are summarized as n (%) by prenatal and postnatal torsion and compared using Pearson's χ2 or Fisher's exact test.
a
2 out of 29 patients did not receive ultrasound examinations. It was confirmed later that both cases were postnatal TTs and the testes were surgically removed.
b
Because 4 out of 27 patients had bilateral testicular torsions, the total count was 31 testes examined by ultrasound in 27 patients.