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. 2016 Nov 28;11:45. doi: 10.1186/s13013-016-0105-8

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Gene anatomy. Intergenic regions: areas between genes. Transcription start site: starting point for the RNA transcription (from DNA template). Translation start site: starting point for protein translation (from mRNA template). Exons: retained in mRNA, basis for protein translation. Promoter region: regulatory region important for initiation of transcription. 5′UTR and 3′UTR: non-coding start and endpoint of mRNA. Splice site: sequence that guides splicing of exonic RNA. Introns: sequence removed during splicing. Artwork: Elísabet Einarsdóttir