. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 28.

Published in final edited form as: Cardiol Young. 2015 Sep 8;26(1):30–52. doi: 10.1017/S1047951115001389

Table 1.

Summary of post-operative mortality and hospital length of stay outcomes among four frequently encountered genetic syndromes.

	Down syndrome		22q11 deletion		Heterotaxy syndrome		Turner syndrome

Lesion/operation	Early mortality	LOS	Early mortality	LOS	Early mortality	LOS	Early mortality	LOS
All cardiac surgery	Low^37–39,71,^*	Low⁷¹	–	–	High^129,130	High¹³⁰	–	–
Septal defects
AVSD	Medium^{37,39–46,48},^**	Low⁴²	–	–	–	–	–	–
VSD	Low^37,41,^*	High^39,65	–	–	–	–	–	–
SV lesions
Stage 1 palliation	High^37,39	–	–	–	High¹²⁹	–	High²⁵	–
Stage 2 palliation	High^37,39	High³⁹	–	–	–	–	–	–
Stage 3 palliation	Medium^37,39,50,51	High⁵¹	–	–	Medium^124,129	–	–	–
Conotruncal defects
Collective	Low^31,33	–	Medium^31,33,88	Low⁸⁸	–	–	–	–
TOF	Low^{32,37,39,41,49}	High³⁹	Low^32,86	–	–	–	–	–
PA-VSD	–	–	High^91–93	–	–	–	–	–
IAA or PTA	–	–	Low⁸⁷	High⁸⁷	–	–	–	–
Other
CoA	Low³⁷	–	–	–		–	Low¹⁶⁰	High¹⁶⁰
Cardiac transplantation	–	–	–	–	Medium^137,138	–	–	–
TAPVR	–	–	–	–	Low¹³⁴	–	–	–

AVSD = atrioventricular septal defect; CoA = coarctation of the aorta; IAA = interrupted aortic arch; LOS = length of stay (in-hospital); PA-VSD = pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect; PTA = persistent truncus arteriosus; SV = single ventricle; TAPVR = total anomalous pulmonary venous return; TOF = tetralogy of Fallot; and VSD = ventricular septal defect

Classification of risk for poor early post-operative outcomes relative to patients without the syndromic diagnosis (high: studies reviewed only demonstrating increased mortality or LOS, medium: studies demonstrating increased or no difference in mortality or LOS, low: studies demonstrating no difference in mortality or LOS)

Some studies reported decreased mortality

^**

Studies reported increased mortality, decreased mortality, and no difference in mortality