Table 3.

Serum biomarkers at the end of study

	Before	After	Differences
Insulin (ng/ml)
High fat diet	1.97 ± 0.62	4.49 ± 1.29b,d	2.51 ± 1.26b
Control diet	1.70 ± 0.59	2.15 ± 0.46	0.44 ± 0.67
Cholesterol (mg/dl)
High fat diet	41.74 ± 4.86	60.70 ± 6.88b,d	18.95 ± 7.27b
Control diet	40.85 ± 4.17	46.60 ± 7.82	5.75 ± 8.55
Glucose (mg/dl)
High fat diet	145.72 ± 17.62	183.60 ± 34.90a,c	37.87 ± 47.54a
Control diet	135.27 ± 17.76	152.40 ± 15.48	17.12 ± 29.85
HDL (mg/dl)
High fat diet	22.75 ± 7.91	34.70 ± 8.42c	11.94 ± 15.16
Control diet	23.27 ± 7.74	31.80 ± 10.88	8.52 ± 12.80
TG (mg/dl)
High fat diet	53.50 ± 12.89	124.60 ± 46.43b,d	71.09 ± 53.84b
Control diet	62.43 ± 14.21	57.20 ± 24.02	−5.23 ± 28.71
Systolic BP (mmHg)
High fat diet	128.08 ± 13.89	147.43 ± 20.84a,c	19.35 ± 23.89a
Control diet	127.21 ± 13.00	123.58 ± 16.02	−3.62 ± 23.20
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
High fat diet	85.69 ± 8.35	94.97 ± 3.77a,c	9.28 ± 9.41a
Control diet	88.44 ± 3.98	86.86 ± 4.33	−1.57 ± 4.96
HOMA-IR
High fat diet	0.63 ± 0.21	1.52 ± 0.24b,d	0.89 ± 0.21b
Control diet	0.65 ± 0.20	0.68 ± 0.23	0.03 ± 0.25
HOMA-B %
High fat diet	61.27 ± 22.50	92.68 ± 18.10a,d	31.40 ± 29.66b
Control diet	60.79 ± 19.90	64.84 ± 24.73	4.04 ± 41.32
HOMA-S %
High fat diet	67.55 ± 30.25	52.39 ± 18.97a	15.15 ± 34.53b
Control diet	72.39 ± 23.66	69.48 ± 17.00	2.90 ± 33.96

^aSignificant difference compared to control group P value <0.05

^bSignificant difference compared to control group P value <0.001

^cSignificant difference compared to baseline P value <0.05

^dSignificant difference compared to baseline P value <0.001