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ALK3 and Pax8 pathway in the role of senescence in H9C2. LV7 was the vector of ALK3 shRNA and Pax8 overexpression vectors. The mRNA levels of cyclin‐associate mediators of p21, PGC‐1α, and Erp72a were determined by quantitative RT‐PCR. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. *, P < 0.05. **, P < 0.01. ***, P < 0.001.
