(A) MicroRNAs differentially regulated in the presence of cigarette smoke or cigarette smoke by-products and their targets. (B) Increased expression of microRNAs found in hypertensive patients and mouse models and their cardiovascular disease related targets. (C) Hyperlipidemic and cholesterol metabolism associated microRNAs and their specified targets. (D) In patients with obesity and/or diabetes, miR-26a and miR-103/107 are reduced in expression, whereas miR-143/145 and miR-802 are increased in expression. These microRNAs play a role in insulin signaling and atherosclerotic plaque formation. (E) Physical inactivity and exercise impact the development of cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs shown to response to changes in exercise include miR-29, miR-1, miR-133a, 133b, miR-222, and miR-146a. MicroRNAs in grey are down-regulated, those in red are upregulated, and microRNAs highlighted in yellow are not changed under specified conditions.