Table 2.

Summary (abbreviated) of studies considering the impact of anticholinergic medications on AD pathology.^*

Study	Design	Exposure	Summary
1 35	Prospective observational study in community-dwelling cognitively normal older adults	Stratified participants by anticholinergic TSDD	Higher cumulative use of anticholinergic medications was associated with an increased risk of dementia (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.21–1.96) and ADD (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.24–2.14)
2 38	Prospective observational study in cognitively normal older individuals from a primary care registry	Anticholinergic medications vs. no exposure	Anticholinergic medication use was associated with an increased risk of dementia (HR 2.081, p<0.001)
3 74	Retrospective study in cognitively normal older adults	Anticholinergic medications vs. no exposure	Anticholinergic medication use was not associated with an increased amyloid-β plaque burden (measured with amyloid imaging)
4 56	Prospective observational study in community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults	Anticholinergic medications vs. no exposure	Continuous anticholinergic medication use was associated with an increased risk of dementia (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.00–2.73) and ADD (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.01–3.72)
5 73	Retrospective study in patients with Parkinson disease, selected from a pathological database	Anticholinergic medication use and duration	Anticholinergic use was associated with increased amyloid-β plaque and neurofibrillary tangle density

TSDD = Total Standard Daily Dose; ADD = Alzheimer disease dementia; HR = Hazard Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval

^*A detailed summary of Table 2 results is available upon email request (lfleenor@msma.org)