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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Behav Med. 2015 Aug 22;39(1):1–12. doi: 10.1007/s10865-015-9670-1

Table 2.

SUMIC Syndemic frequencies among African-Americans (N=351)

Syndemic Factor and Indicators Total (N=351)
Active substance use
 Opiates in last 30 days 52 (14.8)
 Marijuana in last 30 days 56 (16.0)
 Heroin in last 30 days 73 (20.8)
 Cocaine or crack in last 30 days 117 (33.3)
 Hallucinogens in last 30 days 3 (0.9)
 Prescription drugs in last 30 days 17 (4.8)
Most frequently co-occuring substances used
 Heroin/cocaine in last 30 days 63 (17.9)
 Marijuana/cocaine in last 30 days 39 (11.1)
 Marijuana/heroin in last 30 days 25 (7.1)
Mental illness
 Diagnosed with depression 209 (59.5)
 Diagnosed with bipolar disorder 116 (33.1)
 Diagnosed with anxiety or PTSD 89 (25.4)
 Diagnosed with schizophrenia 34 (9.7)
 Diagnosed with other psychiatric illness 18 (5.2)
Most frequently co-occuring mental illnesses
 Diagnosed with depression/bipolar disorder 109 (31.1)
 Diagnosed with depression/anxiety or PTSD 81 (23.1)
Familial conflict non-negotiation
 Family rarely/never talks about problems 105 (29.9)
 Family rarely/never problem solves together 99 (28.2)
 Family rarely/never shows caring for each other 29 (8.3)
Most frequently co-occuring familial conflict non-resolution
 Family rarely/never talk/problems solves together 80 (22.8)