Table 3.
Descriptive and Comparative Distribution of Preoperative and Intraoperative Variables, Eligible Patient Population
| Total | OSD | No OSD | Standardized differences, % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comorbidities | ||||
| n (%) | 2,583 | 1,090 (42.2) | 1,493 (57.8) | |
| Age, y ±SD | 58.5 ± 13.5 | 59.2 ± 13.1 | 58.0 ± 13.8 | 8.8 |
| Male, n (%) | 1,234 (47.8) | 555 (50.9) | 794 (53.2) | 4.5 |
| ASA Class, n (%) | ||||
| 1 | 70 (2.7) | 11 (1.0) | 59 (4.0) | 19.0* |
| 2 | 690 (26.7) | 304 (27.9) | 386 (25.9) | 4.6 |
| 3 | 1,663 (64.4) | 706 (64.8) | 959 (64.2) | 1.1 |
| 4 | 158 (6.1) | 69 (6.3) | 89 (6.0) | 1.5 |
| BMI, kg/m2 ±SD | 28.4 ± 6.3 | 28.2 ± 6.4 | 6.0 | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1,101 (42.6) | 497 (45.6) | 604 (40.5) | 10.4* |
| COPD, n (%) | 87 (3.4) | 45 (4.1) | 42 (2.8) | 7.2 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 401 (15.5) | 178 (16.3) | 223 (14.9) | 3.8 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 370 (14.3) | 162 (14.9) | 208 (13.9) | 2.7 |
| Neoadjuvant therapy within 90 d prior to surgery, n (%) | 838 (32.8) | 352 (32.3) | 486 (32.6) | 0.6 |
| Systemic steroid use, n (%) | 101 (3.9) | 44 (4.0) | 57 (3.8) | 1.1 |
| Preoperative lab values | ||||
| Bilirubin, mg/dL ±SD | 0.59 ± 0.38 | 0.60 ± 0.41 | 0.58 ± 0.36 | 6.6 |
| INR ±SD | 1.03 ± 0.16 | 1.04 ± 0.16 | 1.02 ± 0.15 | 9.2 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L ±SD | 104 ± 70 | 115 ± 91 | 96 ± 47 | 25.4* |
| SGOT, U/L ±SD | 32.7 ± 31.7 | 34.4 ± 27.2 | 31.5 ± 34.6 | 9.0 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL ±SD | 0.89 ± 0.42 | 0.89 ± 0.32 | 0.89 ± 0.49 | 2.2 |
| Platelets per μL ±SD | 231 ± 87 | 237 ± 96 | 227 ± 79 | 11.7* |
| Albumin, g/dL ±SD | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 3.98 ± 0.45 | 4.02 ± 0.41 | 8.0 |
| Intraoperative variables | ||||
| CPT, n (%) | ||||
| 47120 | 1,640 (63.5) | 620 (56.9) | 1,020 (68.3) | 23.8 |
| 47122 | 205 (7.9) | 113 (10.4) | 92 (6.2) | 15.3* |
| 47125 | 230 (8.9) | 122 (11.2) | 108 (7.2) | 13.7* |
| 47130 | 508 (19.7) | 235 (21.6) | 273 (18.3) | 8.2 |
| Laparoscopic approach, n (%) | 623 (24.1) | 186 (17.1) | 437 (29.3) | 29.2* |
| Procedure length, min ±SD | 241 ± 110 | 259 ± 112 | 228 ± 107 | 28.5* |
| Concurrent partial resection, n (%) | 1,421 (55.0) | 634 (58.2) | 787 (52.7) | 4.4 |
| Concurrent ablation, n (%) | 381 (14.8) | 167 (15.3) | 214 (14.3) | 2.8 |
| Pringle maneuver used, n (%) | 677 (26.2) | 325 (29.8) | 352 (23.6) | 14.1* |
| Transfusion, n (%) | 393 (15.2) | 239 (21.9) | 154 (10.3) | 32.0* |
*
Absolute standardized differences for variables with imbalance (≥10%) between groups.
OSD, operative site drainage; ASA Class, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System; INR, international normalized ratio; SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase.