Table 1.

Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations (N = 962)

			Correlations
Variable Type/Variable	Mean	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Later Higher-Level/End of grade 4
1. Word-problem solving skill	16.06	5.34	—
2. Pre-algebraic knowledge	19.36	6.78	0.71	—
Intermediary/End of grade 2
3. Calculation accuracy	12.75	1.93	0.33	0.34	—
4. Calculation fluency	25.46	10.36	0.39	0.36	0.33	—
Foundational/Beginning of grade 2
5. Calculation skill	4.99	1.90	0.47	0.47	0.30	0.44	—
6. Word-problem solving skill	6.89	3.64	0.64	0.57	0.27	0.28	0.53	—
7. Number understanding	15.10	6.70	0.45	0.40	0.22	0.24	0.32	0.39	—
8. Reasoning	14.97	4.45	0.42	0.39	0.23	0.24	0.27	0.38	0.22	—
9. Language comprehension	16.82	4.70	0.45	0.33	0.09	0.11	0.18	0.45	0.28	0.27	—
10. Working memory	7.19	3.54	0.43	0.40	0.23	0.19	0.27	0.44	0.26	0.36	0.40	—
11. Attentive behavior	38.48	12.21	0.50	0.49	0.27	0.35	0.42	0.43	0.28	0.38	0.24	0.31	—
12. Processing speed	11.45	2.64	0.34	0.36	0.20	0.26	0.30	0.32	0.21	0.24	0.17	0.28	0.33	—

Note. Word-problem solving skill is Iowa Test of Basic Skill-Level 10-Math. Pre-algebraic knowledge is Test of Pre-Algebraic Knowledge. Calculation accuracy is Addition Strategy Assessment. Calculation fluency is Second-Grade Calculations Battery. Calculation skill is Wide Range Achievement Test-Arithmetic. Word-problem solving skill is Word Problems. Number understanding is Number Line Estimation (reverse scored). Reasoning is Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-Matrix Reasoning. Language comprehension is Woodcock Diagnostic Reading Battery-Listening Comprehension. Working memory is Working Memory Test Battery for Children-Listening Recall. Attentive behavior is Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Rating Scales. Processing speed is Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement III-Visual Matching.