Table 1.
Characteristics of the 2,372 participants.
| N (%) or Mean [SD] | |
|---|---|
| Offspring cohort | 1,090 (46.0%) |
| Age*, years | 53.9 [11.8] |
| Women | 1,236 (47.9%) |
| Alcohol, drinks/week | 4.8 [7.2] |
| Current smoker | 294 (12.4%) |
| Former Smoker | 953 (40.2%) |
| Education | |
| < High school | 41 (1.7%) |
| High School | 521 (22.0%) |
| Some college | 771 (32.5%) |
| College graduate | 1,039 (43.8%) |
| Antihypertensive medication use | 541 (22.8%) |
| Statins use | 351 (14.8%) |
| Cardiovascular disease* | 192 (8.1%) |
| Diabetes | 173 (7.3%) |
| PM2.5 †, μg/m3 | 10.6 [1.4] |
| Distance ‡, m | 273 [254] |
| Distance categories ‡ | |
| 0-50 m | 487 (23.0%) |
| 50-100 m | 204 (9.6%) |
| 100-200 m | 373 (17.6%) |
| 200-400 m | 480 (22.7%) |
| 400-1000 m | 574 (27.1%) |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation; PM2.5, fine particulate matter.
*
At the time of CT scan.
†
2003 annual average.
‡
254 participants lived more than 1,000 meters from the nearest major roadway.