Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in the pre-ERAS and post-ERAS groups

Characteristic	Group; % or mean ± SD		p value
	Pre-ERAS (n = 331)	Post-ERAS (n = 1295)
Male	52.27	55.98	0.23
Age, yr	61.6 ± 13.8	61.1 ± 14.8	0.26
BMI	28.5 ± 6.6	27.9 ± 5.9	0.07
Smoker			0.48
Yes	17.52	17.22
Stopped because of surgery	0.91	1.85
No or unknown	81.57	80.93
Drinker			0.85
Yes	6.04	6.18
Stopped because of surgery	0.3	0.15
No or unknown	93.66	93.67
ASA physical status class			0.39
1	6.65	6.95
2	58.61	60
3	29.61	29.88
Other	5.14	3.17
Diabetes	16.62	15.06	0.48
Chemo therapy	11.18	11.12	0.98
Primary diagnosis
Malignant neoplasm of colon	23.56	25.79	0.41
Malignant neoplasm of rectosigmoid junction	9.37	11.12	0.36
Malignant neoplasm of rectum	16.92	12.28	0.026
Benign neoplasm of colon, rectum, anus and anal canal	4.53	8.42	0.017
Crohn disease (regional enteritis)	6.04	6.41	0.81
Attention to artificial openings	18.43	15.06	0.13
Other	21.15	20.93	0.93
No. of comorbidities	3.25 ± 3.55	2.86 ± 3.30	0.030
No. of procedures	2.20 ± 1.92	2.01 ± 1.81	0.047
Main procedure			0.12
Intestine	46.83	50.73
Rectal	30.82	31.81
Revision	22.36	17.45
Open surgery	46.22	35.75	< 0.001
Intraoperative blood loss, mL	216.1 ± 226.7	190.4 ± 230.9	0.042
More complex surgery	40.48	40.46	0.10
Mortality	0.3	0.23	0.87
Year of surgery			< 0.001
2013	45.32	10.19
2014	54.68	67.34
2015	0	22.47
Hospital/site			< 0.001
Foothills Medical Centre	16.31	10.58
Grey Nuns Hospital	13.9	19
Misericordia Community Hospital	14.8	7.88
Peter Lougheed Centre	22.66	43.01
Royal Alexandra Hospital	17.52	7.57
University of Alberta Hospital	14.8	11.97

ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; ERAS = Enhanced Recovery After Surgery.