TABLE 3.
Odds ratios for multilevel logistic regression of self-rated health with individual and neighborhood-level covariates
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 0.206*** | 0.206*** | 0.204*** | 0.206*** | 0.205*** | 0.206*** | 0.205*** |
| Individual level | |||||||
| Age | 1.024*** | 1.024*** | 1.024*** | 1.024*** | 1.024*** | 1.024*** | 1.024*** |
| Gender (male = 1, female = 0) | 0.970 | 0.970 | 0.968 | 0.971 | 0.970 | 0.971 | 0.970 |
| Living in poverty (yes = 1, otherwise = 0) | 1.295*** | 1.292** | 1.293** | 1.291** | 1.290** | 1.291** | 1.291** |
| Race/ethnicity (reference: White) | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.273*** | 1.242** | 1.209** | 1.254** | 1.245** | 1.248** | 1.228** |
| Hispanic | 1.238† | 1.226 | 1.237 | 1.227 | 1.227 | 1.227 | 1.245 |
| Non-Hispanic others | 1.297 | 1.299 | 1.311 | 1.296 | 1.303 | 1.299 | 1.328 |
| Marital status (reference: single) | |||||||
| Married/living with partners | 0.766*** | 0.766*** | 0.766*** | 0.767*** | 0.766*** | 0.767*** | 0.767** |
| Widow/divorced/separated | 0.966 | 0.966 | 0.968 | 0.966 | 0.966 | 0.967 | 0.970 |
| Other marital status | 0.980 | 0.971 | 0.973 | 0.977 | 0.980 | 0.969 | 0.969 |
| Employment status (reference: unemployed) | |||||||
| Full time employed | 0.202*** | 0.203*** | 0.203*** | 0.203*** | 0.203*** | 0.203*** | 0.202*** |
| Part time employed | 0.292*** | 0.293*** | 0.292*** | 0.293*** | 0.293*** | 0.292*** | 0.291*** |
| Retired | 0.379*** | 0.379*** | 0.379*** | 0.379*** | 0.380*** | 0.379*** | 0.378*** |
| Other employment status | 0.267*** | 0.267*** | 0.267*** | 0.267*** | 0.268*** | 0.267*** | 0.266** |
| Educational attainment (reference: no high school) | |||||||
| High school education | 0.587*** | 0.589*** | 0.589*** | 0.588*** | 0.588*** | 0.589*** | 0.588*** |
| Some college education | 0.464*** | 0.466*** | 0.467*** | 0.466*** | 0.466*** | 0.466*** | 0.466*** |
| College education | 0.336*** | 0.339*** | 0.339*** | 0.338*** | 0.339*** | 0.338*** | 0.338*** |
| Advanced degree | 0.259*** | 0.261*** | 0.262*** | 0.260*** | 0.262*** | 0.261*** | 0.260*** |
| Social factors | |||||||
| Social cohesion | 0.860*** | 0.860*** | 0.860*** | 0.860*** | 0.860*** | 0.860*** | 0.860*** |
| Housing discrimination | 1.402** | 1.400** | 1.407** | 1.403** | 1.404** | 1.401** | 1.409** |
| Medical discrimination | 1.564*** | 1.570*** | 1.568*** | 1.562*** | 1.562*** | 1.568*** | 1.558** |
| City | 1.306*** | 1.279*** | 1.296*** | 1.273*** | 1.282*** | 1.275*** | 1.280*** |
| Neighborhood Level | |||||||
| Gentrification (reference: not gentrifying) | |||||||
| Gentrifying | 0.806† | 0.669** | |||||
| White gentrification | 1.015 | 0.832 | |||||
| Black gentrification | 0.764† | 0.632** | |||||
| Not gentrifiable | 0.877 | 0.854† | 0.947 | 0.938 | 0.910 | 0.900 | |
| Neighborhood stability | |||||||
| Change in percent moved | 1.003 | 1.003 | 1.004 | 1.004 | 1.004 | 1.004 | |
| Change in percent home owner | 1.001 | 1.001 | 1.001 | 1.001 | 1.001 | 0.999 | |
| Cross level | |||||||
| Black × gentrifying | 1.732* | ||||||
| Black × White gentrification | 1.684 | ||||||
| Black × Black gentrification | 1.740† | ||||||
| Intercept random effect (variance component) | 0.205 | 0.202 | 0.198 | 0.204 | 0.204 | 0.202 | 0.201 |
| Log-likelihood | -7698.922 | -7694.35 | −7,688.23 | -7694.04 | -7691.09 | -7693.96 | -7690.91 |
***p ≤ .001; **p ≤ .01; *p ≤ .05; †p ≤ .10