Figure 3.

Histological analysis of E17.5 kidneys in mice with mutations in planar cell polarity genes. Low-power images of kidneys from E17.5 wild-type, Celsr1^Crsh/+, Celsr1^Crsh/Crsh, and Celsr1^Crsh/+:Vangl2^Lp/+ mice (a). There was clear demarcation between the cortex (c) and medulla (m) in kidneys from all genotypes except for Celsr1^Crsh/+:Vangl2^Lp/+ mice. Note the presence of dilated tubules (*) in Celsr1^Crsh/Crsh kidneys. mRNA levels of Gdnf (b) and Ret (c) in E17.5 kidneys (n = 5–7) as assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. High-power images of the outer cortex of kidneys from wild-type (d), Celsr1^Crsh/+ (e), and Celsr1^Crsh/Crsh (f) mice containing glomeruli (g) and proximal tubules (pt) with PAS-positive material in their brush borders. Note dilated tubules (∗) in Celsr1^Crsh/Crsh kidneys. Celsr1^Crsh/+:Vangl2^Lp/+ kidneys (g) contained immature glomeruli and rudimentary tubular structures. Measurement of proximal tubular diameter (h) in wild-type, Celsr1^Crsh/+, Celsr1^Crsh/Crsh, and Celsr1^Crsh/+:Vangl2^Lp/+ mice (n = 4–6). Examples of mitotic orientation measurements in tubules from E17.5 kidneys of wild-type (i) and Celsr1^Crsh/Crsh mice (j). Quantification of mitotic orientation showing % of cells with specific angles of division (k) and average angle of division in tubular cells (l) (n = 3–5). Bar = 125 μm in (a), 50 μm in (d–g), and 15 μm in (i–j). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 between groups. Celsr1, Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 1; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PAS, periodic acid–Schiff; PCP, planar cell polarity; Vangl2, Van Gogh-like 2.