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. 2016 Nov 29;7:1816. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01816

Table 3.

Impact of group composition on the vocal cross-correlation.

CrossCorr~GroupType*Sex1Sex2+Dist+Dist:GroupType+Dist:Sex1Sex2+(1|GroupID)+(1|Bird1ID)+(1|Bird2ID)+(1|Day)+(1|StartTime)
Nobs = 486, N2Juv2Ad = 348, N4YAd = 138, NFF = 205, NMF = 223, NMM = 43, NDist1 = 405, NDist2 = 81
Random Effects
Groups name Variance Std. Dev.
GroupID (intercept) 1.084e-03 0.0329
Bird1ID (intercept) 2.285e-04 0.0151
Bird2ID (intercept) 1.695e-04 0.0130
Day (intercept) 2.507e-05 0.0050
StartTime (intercept) 8.521e-05 0.0092
Residual 2.378e-03 0.0487
Fixed Effects
Estimate Std. Error df t-value p-value
(Intercept) 0.0906 0.0107 12.9 8.440 <0.0001
GroupType-4YAd 0.0570 0.0180 93 3.156 0.0021
Sex-MF −0.0152 0.0079 300.9 −1.902 0.0581
Sex-MM 0.0067 0.0177 282.6 0.382 0.7024
Dist-2 0.0252 0.0099 375.2 2.530 0.0118
GroupType-4YAd: Sex-MF −0.0052 0.0148 417.8 −0.354 0.7233
GroupType-4YAd: Sex-MM −0.0701 0.0228 394.6 −3.072 0.0022
GroupType-4YAd: Dist-2 −0.0260 0.0168 386.1 −1.549 0.1222
Sex-MF: Dist-2 0.0221 0.0159 388 1.391 0.1650
Sex-MM: Dist-2 0.0316 0.0271 363.9 1.164 0.2453
CrossCorr4YAd~Sex1Sex2*Dist+(1|GroupID)+(1|Bird1ID)+(1|Bird2ID) +(1|Day)
Nobs = 138, NFF = 21, NMF = 90, NMM = 27, NDist1 = 115, NDist2 = 23
Random Effects
Groups name Variance Std. Dev.
GroupID (intercept) 0.0032 0.0572
Bird1ID (intercept) 0.0006 0.0258
Bird2ID (intercept) 0.0004 0.0208
Day (intercept) 0.0005 0.0240
StartTime (intercept) 0.0007 0.0267
Residual 0.0017 0.0416
Fixed Effects
Estimate Std. Error df t-value p-value
(Intercept) 0.1422 0.0330 4.03 4.304 0.0124
Sex-MF −0.0204 0.0124 103.83 −1.649 0.1021
Sex-MM −0.0639 0.0177 60.19 −3.601 0.0006
Dist-2 0.0589 0.0425 29.4 1.384 0.1767
Sex-MF: Dist-2 −0.0422 0.0450 34.51 −0.937 0.3553
Pairwise Comparisons (Tukey Adjustment)
Contrast Estimate SE z-value p-value
Sex-MF-Sex-FF = = 0 −0.0204 0.0124 −1.649 0.2117
Sex-MM-Sex-FF = = 0 −0.0639 0.0177 −3.601 <0.0001
Sex-MM-Sex-MF = = 0 −0.0434 0.0122 −3.560 0.0011
CrossCorr2Juv2Ad~JuvAd+Dist+SexRatio+JuvAd:Dist+JuvAd:SexRatio+(1|GroupID)+ (1|Bird1ID)+(1|Bird2ID)+(1|StartTime)
Nobs = 348, NAdAd = 58, NJuvAd = 232, NJuvJuv = 58, NDist1 = 290, NDist2 = 58, N2F2M = 96, N3F1M = 138, N4F0M = 84
Random Effects
Groups name Variance Std. Dev.
GroupID (intercept) 6.924e-04 0.0263
Bird1ID (intercept) 8.076e-05 0.0089
Bird2ID (intercept) 1.685e-04 0.0129
StartTime (intercept) 8.826e-05 0.0093
Residual 2.304e-03 0.0480
Fixed Effects
Estimate Std. Error df t-value p-value
(Intercept) 1.193e-01 1.814e-02 52.77 6.577 <0.0001
JuvAd-JuvAd −3.949e-02 1.507e-02 271.2 −2.620 0.0092
JuvAd-JuvJuv −1.844e-02 2.004e-02 150.8 −0.920 0.3590
Dist-2 8.799e-03 2.123e-02 270.8 0.414 0.6788
SexRatio-3F1M 2.976e-02 2.035e-02 98.93 1.463 0.1467
SexRatio-4F0M −2.933e-03 2.312e-02 91.45 −0.127 0.8993
JuvAd-JuvAd: Dist-2 3.538e-02 2.348e-02 273.4 1.507 0.1330
JuvAd-JuvJuv: Dist-2 3.147e-02 2.762e-02 278.4 1.139 0.2555
JuvAd-JuvAd: SexRatio-3F1M −2.190e-02 1.844e-02 260.1 −1.188 0.2360
JuvAd-JuvJuv: SexRatio-3F1M −4.473e-02 2.375e-02 247.4 −1.883 0.0608
JuvAd-JuvAd: SexRatio-4F0M 4.872e-04 2.052e-02 257.9 0.024 0.9810
JuvAd-JuvJuv: SexRatio-4F0M −1.620e-02 2.651e-02 259.0 −0.611 0.5417
Pairwise Comparisons (Tukey Adjustment)
Contrast Estimate SE z-value p-value
JuvAd-AdAd = = 0 −0.0394 0.0150 −2.620 0.0229
JuvJuv-AdAd = = 0 −0.0184 0.0200 −0.920 0.6197
JuvJuv-JuvAd = = 0 0.0210 0.0152 1.385 0.3405
CrossCorrMM~GroupType+(1|Day)
Nobs = 48, N2Juv2Ad = 16, N4YAd = 27
Random Effects
Groups name Variance Std. Dev.
Day (intercept) 0.00 0.00
Residual 0.0022 0.0470
Fixed Effects
Estimate Std. Error df t-value p-value
(Intercept) 0.1009 0.0117 37 8.58 <0.0001
GroupType-4YAd −0.0148 0.0153 37 −0.967 0.34
Fixed Effects
Estimate Std. Error df t-value p-value
(Intercept) 0.0939 0.0130 95 7.196 <0.0001
GroupType-4YAd 0.0409 0.0149 95 2.740 0.0073
CrossCorrFF~GroupType+(1|Day)
Nobs = 40, N2Juv2Ad = 14, N4YAd = 21
Random Effects
Groups name Variance Std. Dev.
Day (intercept) 0.00 0.00
Residual 0.0073 0.0856
Fixed Effects
Estimate Std. Error df t-value p-value
(Intercept) 0.0917 0.0229 29 4.005 3.95e-04
GroupType-4YAd 0.0586 0.0309 29 1.895 0.0680

Model statistical results are shown. Linear mixed effect models (“lmer” function from “lme4” R package) were built. Number of observations in the dataset for each fixed effect is given. We present the results from the R “summary” function.