Effects of AR-42 on various biomarkers of apoptosis, HDAC inhibition, and proliferation. Human PDAC cells (AsPC-1, SW1990, BxPC-3, COLO-357, and PANC-1) were treated with AR-42 for 48 hours at the concentrations indicated, and cell lysates were made for Western blotting. Immunoblots of markers of HDAC inhibition (A), apoptosis (B), and proliferation and G2 cell cycle arrest (C). β-Actin was used as a loading control.