Table 1.
Demographics and clinical and pathological characteristics of patients undergoing TIPS.
| Variable | Overall | Stenosis (n = 40) | Nonstenosis (n = 321) | P value | HE (n = 86) | Non-HE (n = 275) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD, years) | 49.90 ± 11.34 | 50.45 ± 10.33 | 49.83 ± 11.7 | 0.747 | 50.37 ± 10.18 | 49.76 ± 11.69 | 0.661 |
| MELD score | 10.60 ± 3.11 | 13.05 ± 2.06 | 10.25 ± 3.05 | <0.001 | 13.52 ± 2.22 | 9.68 ± 2.77 | <0.001 |
| Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 33.65 ± 66.83 | 40.38 ± 58.11 | 33.25 ± 30.23 | <0.001 | 39.26 ± 50.14 | 40.15 ± 28.96 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.82 ± 0.45 | 0.83 ± 0.41 | 0.81 ± 0.36 | 0.264 | 0.89 ± 0.31 | 0.80 ± 0.44 | 0.546 |
| INR | 1.40 ± 0.32 | 1.46 ± 0.35 | 1.39 ± 0.28 | 0.864 | 1.45 ± 0.34 | 1.40 ± 0.29 | 0.901 |
| Blood ammonia | 82.70 ± 18.48 | 82.95 ± 19.22 | 82.67 ± 18.41 | 0.929 | 86.77 ± 2.05 | 81.43 ± 17.44 | 0.035 |
| ALT (U/L) | 45.87 ± 17.88 | 45.38 ± 16.66 | 45.93 ± 18.05 | 0.852 | 49.52 ± 19.98 | 44.73 ± 17.05 | 0.047 |
| AST (U/L) | 41.02 ± 14.77 | 43.05 ± 15.71 | 40.77 ± 14.65 | 0.358 | 42.74 ± 14.45 | 40.49 ± 14.85 | 0.217 |
| PVP pre-TIPS | 40.07 ± 3.25 | 43.18 ± 3.57 | 39.81 ± 3.12 | <0.001 | 44.30 ± 2.34 | 38.75 ± 2.19 | <0.001 |
| PVP post-TIPS | 11.03 ± 1.87 | 11.45 ± 2.23 | 10.98 ± 1.82 | 0.130 | 11.85 ± 1.80 | 10.77 ± 1.82 | <0.001 |
| PVP reduction | 29.04 ± 3.42 | 30.73 ± 3.88 | 28.83 ± 3.30 | 0.001 | 32.45 ± 2.81 | 27.98 ± 2.85 | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male (n/%) | 237 (65.7) | 24 (60.0) | 213 (66.4) | 0.425 | 54 (62.8) | 183 (66.5) | 0.552 |
| Female (n/%) | 124 (34.3) | 16 (40.0) | 108 (33.6) | 32 (37.2) | 92 (33.5) | ||
| Inflammation grading | |||||||
| G1-G2 | 235 (65.1) | 17 (42.5) | 218 (67.9) | 0.001 | 41 (47.4) | 194 (70.5) | <0.001 |
| G3-G4 | 126 (34.9) | 23 (57.5) | 103 (32.1) | 45 (52.3) | 81 (29.5) | ||
| Fibrosis staging | |||||||
| S1-S2 | 120 (33.2) | 8 (20.0) | 112 (34.9) | 0.074 | 17 (19.8) | 103 (37.5) | 0.002 |
| S3-S4 | 241 (66.8) | 32 (80.0) | 209 (65.1) | 69 (80.2) | 172 (62.5) | ||
| HE occurrence | Shunt restenosis occurrence | ||||||
| Y | 86 (23.8) | 24 (60.0) | 62 (19.3) | <0.001 | 24 (27.9) | 16 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| N | 275 (76.2) | 16 (40.0) | 259 (80.7) | 62 (72.1) | 259 (94.2) | ||
| Indication of TIPS | |||||||
| Gastric variceal bleeding | 301 (83.4) | 35 (87.5) | 266 (82.9) | 0.865 | 74 (86.0) | 227 (82.5) | 0.785 |
| Refractory ascites | 43 (11.9) | 4 (10.0) | 39 (12.1) | 8 (9.3) | 25 (12.7) | ||
| Both symptoms | 17 (4.7) | 1 (2.5) | 16 (5.0) | 4 (4.7) | 13 (4.8) | ||
| Child-Pugh classification | |||||||
| A | 207 (57.3) | 18 (45.0) | 189 (58.9) | 0.164 | 50 (58.7) | 157 (57.1) | 0.875 |
| B | 93 (25.8) | 15 (37.5) | 78 (24.3) | 23 (26.7) | 70 (25.5) | ||
| C | 61 (16.9) | 7 (17.5) | 54 (16.8) | 13 (15.1) | 48 (17.5) | ||
| Number of stents | |||||||
| 1 | 270 (74.8) | 30 (75.0) | 240 (74.8) | 0.974 | 61 (70.9) | 209 (76.0) | 0.345 |
| 2 | 91 (25.2) | 10 (25.0) | 81 (25.2) | 25 (29.1) | 66 (24.0) | ||
| Diameter of stent (mm) | |||||||
| 8 | 298 (82.5) | 32 (80.0) | 266 (82.9) | 0.660 | 74 (86.0) | 224 (81.5) | 0.327 |
| 10 | 63 (17.5) | 8 (20.0) | 55 (17.1) | 12 (14.0) | 51 (18.5) | ||
TIPS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; INR: international normalized ratio; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; PVP: portal vein pressure; G: grading; S: staging; HE: hepatic encephalopathy.