Table 1.
Summary of heterotopic ossification in colorectal carcinoma
| First author [ref.] | Reported year | Age, years | Sex | Tumor location | Size, cm | Pathology | Lymph node metastasis | TNM classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haque [3] | 1996 | 78 | M | Rectum | 7.0 × 4.0 | Mode-AC and Muci-AC | N.D. | N.D. |
| 46 | F | Cecum | 1.9 × 2.1 | Muci-AC | N.D. | N.D. | ||
| 55 | F | Transverse colon | 8.0 × 5.0 × 3.0 | Muci-AC | N.D. | N.D. | ||
| Beauchamp [5] | 1997 | 64 | M | Rectum | 9.0 | Mode-AC | (+) | T4, N2, MX |
| Papadopoulos [6] | 1998 | 47 | F | Cecum | N.D. | Mode-AC | N.D. | N.D. |
| Alper [7] | 2000 | 56 | M | Rectum | N.D. | Muci-AC | (+): 2/12 | N.D. |
| Imai [8] | 2001 | 50 | F | Ascending colon | 4.0 × 4.0 × 6.5 | Mode-AC and Poor-AC | (+): 6/43 | N.D. |
| Szumiło [9] | 2004 | 79 | M | Rectum | 4.0 × 5.0 × 0.8 | Mode-AC | (+): 2/10 | T3, N1, MX |
| Matsumoto [10] | 2004 | 67 | M | Rectum | 9.0 × 8.5 × 7.0 | Well-AC | (+): 4/13 | N.D. |
| Badmos [11] | 2011 | 48 | M | Rectosigmoid | 4.0 × 4.0 × 2.5 | Well-AC | (−) | T3, N0, MX |
| Present case | 2016 | 57 | M | Rectum | 8.0 × 7.0 | Mode-AC | (+): 1/12 | T4a, N1a, M0 |
N.D., no data; Mode-AC, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; Muci-AC, mucinous adenocarcinoma; Poor-AC, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; Well-AC, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma; TNM, tumor node metastasis; T, primary tumor site; N, regional lymph node involvement; M, presence or otherwise of distant metastatic spread; (+), present; (−), absent.